{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:42:50Z","timestamp":1792194170100,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In homeopathy, symptoms are central to remedy selection and are traditionally validated through clinical experience and materia medica descriptions. Prognostic factor research using likelihood ratios (LRs) offers a quantitative approach to determine how strongly individual symptoms predict treatment response. This study evaluated the prognostic relevance of four commonly described symptoms of Carcinosin\u2014history of tuberculosis, sleeplessness, enjoyment of watching a thunderstorm, and artistic personality\u2014using LR and Bayesian methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This analytical, longitudinal, real-world study was conducted in the outpatient departments of an Indian homeopathic hospital. Adults with chronic diseases of at least 1 year's duration were included. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) scale, with scores \u2265\u20092 indicating meaningful improvement. For each symptom, 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 contingency tables were constructed, and positive and negative LRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for four Carcinosin symptoms. A Bayesian updating simulation was performed to estimate cumulative diagnostic probability from sequential symptom combinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Since 20 participants in the other-medicines group were lost to follow-up, a total of 1,614 participants were analyzed, of whom 128 received Carcinosin. The highest prognostic strength was observed for enjoyment of watching a thunderstorm (LR+\u20095.6, 95% CI 4.5\u20137.0) and artistic personality (LR+\u20094.6, 95% CI 3.7\u20135.8). Sleeplessness showed moderate association (LR+\u20092.0, 95% CI 1.7\u20132.3), while history of tuberculosis demonstrated weak to modest discriminative value (LR+\u20091.4, 95% CI 1.1\u20131.9). Bayesian updating indicated that behavioral symptoms produced the largest upgrade in posterior probability, reaching approximately 79% when all four symptoms were sequentially combined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Behavioral and personality-based symptoms provided substantially stronger prognostic support for Carcinosin prescribing than historical or general physical features. LR and Bayesian frameworks offered a practical, quantitative method for validating materia medica symptoms and refining individualized homeopathic prescribing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2877-0729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:17:15Z","timestamp":1792192635000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bayesian Estimates of Prevalence and Likelihood Ratio for Four Carcinosin Symptoms across Varied Clinical Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3305-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trisha","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9253-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Sakhawat","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6984-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpita","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0399-2383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saima","family":"Shamim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2521-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumya","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2308-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhranil","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4706-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munmun","family":"Koley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East Bishnupur State Homoeopathic Dispensary, West Bengal, India","place":["South 24 Parganas"],"department":["Department of Health and Family Welfare, Under Government of West Bengal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2017-006X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashabul","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8668-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debasish","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, West Bengal, India","place":["Kolkata"],"department":["Department of Materia Medica, Affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1139-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lex","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VHAN (Dutch Association of Homoeopathic Physicians), The Netherlands","place":["Breda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2591-4676","article-title":"Data mining in homeopathic materia medica","volume":"115","author":"R Sch\u00e4ferkordt","year":"2026","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2654-0798","article-title":"The Challenge of Building a Bayesian Homeopathic Materia Medica and Repertory from Best Cases' Data","volume":"115","author":"J E Eizayaga","year":"2026","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7168.179143","article-title":"Prognostic factor research in homoeopathy","volume":"10","author":"L Rutten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2544-2807","article-title":"How to assess variation in homeopathic prognostic factor research?","volume":"115","author":"L Rutten","year":"2026","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2014.11.002","article-title":"Data collection: treat every variable as a treasure","volume":"104","author":"L Rutten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47761","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201947761","article-title":"Homeopathy \u2013 where is the science? A current inventory on a pre-scientific artifact","volume":"20","author":"N Grams","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/ijrh.ijrh_21_18","article-title":"Significance of prognostic factor research in clinical verification","volume":"12","author":"R K Manchanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4103\/ijrh.ijrh_64_18","article-title":"Retrospective estimation of prevalence and likelihood ratio of general symptoms of 29 less frequently prescribed homoeopathic medicines by clinical verification","volume":"13","author":"R Manchanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"The Carcinosin Drug Picture","author":"D M Foubister","year":"2005","edition":"Reprint ed."},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Homoeopathic Drug Pictures","author":"M L Tyler","year":"2020","edition":"28th ed."},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Synthesis: Repertorium Homeopathicum Syntheticum","author":"F Schroyens","year":"2001","edition":"9.1 ed."},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Homoeopathic Medical Repertory","author":"R Murphy","year":"2009","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"The Complete Repertory","author":"R Van Zandvoort","year":"2008","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"A Repertory of Homoeopathic Nosodes and Sarcodes","author":"B Squire","year":"1999","edition":"2nd revised ed."}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2877-0729.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:17:20Z","timestamp":1792192640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2877-0729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2877-0729","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}}}