{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:56:21Z","timestamp":1781308581660,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heat strain in multiple sclerosis patients during exercise limits their benefits\n                    from this treatment. One prior study examined this topic but did not measure\n                    thermal outcomes and constitutes a knowledge gap. The current pilot study\n                    assessed palm cooling for its impact on heart rates and thermal measures. Using\n                    a randomized within-subjects design, nine multiple sclerosis patients performed\n                    two 25-minute cycle ergometry workouts against 65 and 45% of their\n                    Astrand-Rhyming-based workloads. Heart rates, thermal flux, palm and tympanic\n                    temperatures were examined using two-way analyses of variance with repeated\n                    measures per independent variable. To control the family-wise error rate, a\n                    Bonferroni correction was applied at a lower \u03b1 level of 0.0024. Paired\n                    t-tests identified sources of significant inter-treatment and -time\n                    differences. Palm temperature, thermal flux, and heart rate had significant\n                    two-way interactions. Palm temperature\n                    (\u03b7\n               2\n               \n                  p\n               =0.39) and heart rate\n                        (\u03b7\n               2\n               \n                  p\n               =0.22) results were significantly\n                    higher for the no palm cooling treatment at multiple times during and after\n                    workouts. Yet, thermal flux (\u03b7\n               2\n               \n                  p\n               =0.39) was\n                    significantly higher due to palm cooling at multiple times during and after\n                    workouts. Higher thermal flux from palm cooling may have evoked lower heart\n                    rates. Palm cooling may represent a practical strategy to mitigate\n                    exercise-induced heat strain in individuals with multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2877-8927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:21:56Z","timestamp":1781306516000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Palm Cooling\u2019s Heart Rate and Thermal Impact on Exercise in Multiple\n                    Sclerosis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Katherine Frances","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States","place":["Louisville"],"department":["Health & Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Wydotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States","place":["Louisville"],"department":["Health & Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Jaggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States","place":["Louisville"],"department":["Health & Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States","place":["Louisville"],"department":["Mechanical Engineering"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Daily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville School of\n                    Medicine, Kentucky, United States","place":["Louisville"],"department":["Family & Geriatric Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Cabrera-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Neuroscience Institute, Kentucky, United States","place":["Louisville"],"department":["Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8329-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Francis","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States","place":["Louisville"],"department":["Health & Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Uhthoff Phenomenon","author":"S Panginikkod","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103557","article-title":"Thermal dysregulation in patients with multiple sclerosis during SARS-CoV-2\n                    infection. 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A narrative review","volume":"135","author":"M A Doohan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003864","article-title":"Ergogenic and physiological outcomes derived from a novel skin cooling\n                    device","volume":"35","author":"W D Gray","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62186\/001c.125154","article-title":"Determining a meaningful R-squared value in clinical medicine","author":"A Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Academic Med Surg"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279944","article-title":"Thermoregulatory sweating and evaporative heat loss during exercise: Is the\n                    whole greater than the sum of its parts?","volume":"598","author":"T Mundel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J 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Scand"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1139\/h05-007","article-title":"Central and peripheral factors in thermal, neuromuscular, and perceptual\n                    adaptation of the hand to repeated cold exposures","volume":"31","author":"C L Geurts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1139\/h06-076","article-title":"Local cold acclimatization during exercise and its effect on neuromuscular\n                    function of the hand","volume":"31","author":"C L Geurts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2022.2151750","article-title":"Palm cooling temperatures and their comparative impact on human thermal,\n                    physiological, perceptual, and ergogenic indices","volume":"40","author":"S R 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