{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T23:52:00Z","timestamp":1781740320828,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether the elution of antibiotics from calcium sulfate (CaSO4) beads differs following ethylene oxide gas sterilization compared with their nonsterilized counterparts and whether sterilization affects their antibacterial activity after a period of storage for up to 6 months post curation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>3 mm diameter CaSO4 beads impregnated with either amikacin, gentamicin, cefazolin, vancomycin, or no antibiotic, each with or without ethylene oxide gas sterilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Antibiotic-impregnated CaSO4 beads were created at the beginning of the study. Half of the beads underwent gas sterilization and all beads were stored in the clinic until testing. Beads were tested against a clinical strain of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius via Modified Kirby\u2013Bauer agar diffusion assay testing, measuring the zone of inhibition (ZOI) produced every 24 hours for 5 days. Beads were tested at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post curation with or without gas sterilization, and their changes were compared using mixed-effects linear models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Beads sterilized using ethylene oxide showed similar ZOI over 5 consecutive days of elution compared with the nonsterilized beads. Beads that were sterilized and stored for up to 6 months demonstrated similar ZOI to beads that were not sterilized and tested immediately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Gas sterilization followed by storage for up to 6 months post curation did not impair the in vitro activity of antibiotic-impregnated CaSO4 beads when tested against a clinical strain of S. pseudintermedius.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Antibiotic impregnated CaSO4 beads can be created in advance, gas sterilized, stored in the clinic and retain antibacterial activity for up to 6 months post curation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2889-7706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T23:02:23Z","timestamp":1781737343000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Ethylene Oxide Sterilisation on the In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Preformulated Antibiotic-Impregnated Calcium Sulfate Beads"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7304-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer Maree","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Referral Hospital, Victoria, Australia","place":["Melbourne"],"department":["Department of Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kudnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Referral Hospital, Victoria, Australia","place":["Melbourne"],"department":["Department of Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Referral Hospital, Victoria, Australia","place":["Melbourne"],"department":["Department of Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Referral Hospital, Victoria, Australia","place":["Melbourne"],"department":["Department of Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Nas Hospital, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt","place":["Shubra Al Khaymah"],"department":["Department of Research and Biostatistics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhys","family":"Bushell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Faculty of Veterinary Science, Victoria, Australia","place":["Melbourne"],"department":["Veterinary Laboratory"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Marenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Faculty of Veterinary Science, Victoria, Australia","place":["Melbourne"],"department":["Department of Microbiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14014","article-title":"Effects of storage up to 1 year on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of preformulated antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads","volume":"53","author":"E A Hartman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.06.003","article-title":"Bacterial osteomyelitis in veterinary orthopaedics: Pathophysiology, clinical presentation and advances in treatment across multiple species","volume":"250","author":"F Gieling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12535","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus\n       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Udomkusonsri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.12.0216","article-title":"Bead size has a greater effect on in vitro elution from antimicrobial-impregnated calcium sulfate beads than drug concentration","volume":"84","author":"R S Olsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-6-405-2021","article-title":"Fabrication of antibiotic-loaded dissolvable calcium sulfate beads: an in vitro mixing lab utilizing various antibiotic mixing formulas","volume":"6","author":"E J McPherson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318074bb1d","article-title":"Does antibiotic elution from PMMA beads deteriorate after 1-year shelf storage?","volume":"462","author":"L H 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