{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:15:39Z","timestamp":1783379739373,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose To investigate sex-related differences in corneal morphologic and biomechanical parameters in healthy adults, with a particular focus on age-related variations that may reflect hormonal influences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods In this cross-sectional study, 413 healthy volunteers (189 women, 224 men) were examined using the Pentacam HR, IOLMaster 700, Corvis ST, and Ocular Response Analyzer. Parameters included mean keratometry (Kmean), white-to-white distance (WTW), anterior chamber volume (ACV), axial length (AL), central and peripheral corneal thickness (CCT, PAC and PACDiff 3\u200a\u2013\u200a9\u2009mm), Ambrosio\u02bcs relational thickness (ARTh), stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1), stress\u2013strain index (SSI), corneal biomechanical index (CBI), and corrected corneal hysteresis (CHcorr). Participants were stratified into two age groups: &lt;\u200950 years (pre-menopausal) and \u2265\u200950 years (post-menopausal). Group comparisons were performed using t-tests or Mann\u2013Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.004).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results Men showed larger ACV and WTW values (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas women exhibited steeper Kmean (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The peripheral increase in corneal thickness tended to be greater in women (PACDiff7: p\u2009=\u20090.038; PACDiff9: p\u2009=\u20090.047), particularly among younger participants (PACDiff5: p\u2009=\u20090.017; PACDiff7: p\u2009=\u20090.004; PACDiff9: p\u2009=\u20090.005). ARTh and SSI displayed a trend toward sex-related differences (p\u2009=\u20090.01 and p\u2009=\u20090.012), and younger women had non-significantly higher CHcorr values (p\u2009=\u20090.028). CBI did not differ between sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion Subtle sex-related differences in corneal morphology and biomechanics occur mainly in the premenopausal age group, potentially reflecting hormonal modulation of corneal hydration and elasticity. The CBI seems independent of sex and may be applied without gender-specific adjustment in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2890-8843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:12:39Z","timestamp":1780960359000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differences in Corneal Structure and Biomechanics between Sexes across Age Groups"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0183-8046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Ramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Herber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6237-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin","family":"Khoramnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-020-01174-7","article-title":"[Gender medicine in ophthalmology: The \u201csmall difference\u201d between women and men]","volume":"117","author":"M A 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