{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:31:51Z","timestamp":1792099911376,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JST SPRING","award":["JPMJSP2128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2128"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to examine whether hip deformity has already developed in\n                    Japanese male freshman collegiate long-distance runners and to investigate the\n                    association with their sports history.A total of 57 elite freshman collegiate\n                    long-distance runners participated. We collected sports history data during\n                    adolescence using a questionnaire, and hip images were measured using\n                    dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cam morphology was defined based on visual\n                    scores of the anterior head\u2013neck junction, classified as follows: (i) normal,\n                    (ii) flattening, and (iii) prominence. Pincer morphology was defined as a bony\n                    prominence or osteophyte-like protrusion at the acetabular rim.Cam morphology\n                    based on visual scores was found in 78 of 114 hips (68.4%; 40 right and 38\n                    left). Pincer morphology based on visual scores was found in 73 of 114 hips\n                    (64.0%; 39 right and 34 left). There was no significant association between hip\n                    deformity and sports participation history (p&gt;0.58). In an additional\n                    exploratory non-athletic cohort, a similarly high prevalence of cam and pincer\n                    morphology was observed (cam: 14 of 18 hips [77.8%]; pincer: 13 of 18 hips\n                    [72.2%]). These may indicate that factors beyond participation in\n                    multidirectional sports, including internal factors, could contribute to hip\n                    morphology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2898-7378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T22:35:19Z","timestamp":1786314919000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Prevalence of Hip Skeletal Deformity in Japanese Male Collegiate\n                    Long-Distance Runners"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8046-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan","place":["Tokorozawa"],"department":["Graduate School of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiharu","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waseda University, Saitama, Japan","place":["Tokorozawa"],"department":["Faculty of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waseda University, Saitama, Japan","place":["Tokorozawa"],"department":["Faculty of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2021.2016355","article-title":"Sex-related. differences in hip and groin injuries in adult runners: A\n                    systematic review","volume":"51","author":"B J Ross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Sports Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.18705","article-title":"Hip and groin injury prevention in elite. Athletes and team sport\u2014current\n                    challenges and opportunities","volume":"16","author":"S M Short","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118771676","article-title":"Epidemiology of hip and groin injuries in collegiate athletes in the United\n                    States","volume":"6","author":"Y E. Kerbel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519888894","article-title":"Acetabular morphologic. Characteristics predict early conversion to arthroplasty\n                    after isolated hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement","volume":"48","author":"B D Giordano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513500766","article-title":"Factors. Associated With the failure of surgical treatment for femoroacetabular\n                    impingement: Review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"E Saadat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.08.006","article-title":"Cam morphology is strongly and consistently associated with development of\n                    radiographic hip osteoarthritis throughout 4 follow-up visits within 10\n                    years","volume":"31","author":"J Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.08.003","article-title":"The different subtypes of cam morphology. as defined by statistical shape\n                    modeling and their relationship with the development of hip osteoarthritis: A\n                    nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK) with 10 years follow-up","volume":"32","author":"J Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514563909","article-title":"What is the association between sports. Participation and the development of\n                    proximal femoral cam deformity? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"J J Nepple","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099328","article-title":"Cam morphology in young male football players mostly develops before proximal\n                    femoral growth plate closure: A prospective study with 5-yearfollow-up","volume":"53","author":"P Van Klij","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514524364","article-title":"A cam deformity is gradually acquired during skeletal maturation in adolescent\n                    and young male soccer players: A prospective study with minimum 2-year\n                    follow-up","volume":"42","author":"R Agricola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","first-page":"73","article-title":"Incidence of hip deformities in male junior high school soccer players","volume":"34","author":"S Torii","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Jpn Ped Orthop Ass"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","first-page":"87","article-title":"Exploring the differences in the prevalence of cam-like morphology by age group\n                    in high- and low-impact sports","volume":"43","author":"R Yamamoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISBS Proc Arch."},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67578-8","article-title":"Genetic insights into head-to-body ratios via deep learning\u2013based image\n                    segmentation and implications for common diseases","volume":"17","author":"W Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.10.010","article-title":"DXA images vs. pelvic radiographs:\n                    Reliability of hip morphology measurements","volume":"33","author":"F Boel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis\n                    Cartilage"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.09.007","article-title":"The association of BMI and physical activity on acetabular dysplasia in\n                    children","volume":"29","author":"W K Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4649","article-title":"Machine learning-derived acetabular dysplasia and cam morphology are features of\n                    severe hip osteoarthritis: Findings from UK biobank","volume":"37","author":"M Frysz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0772-5","article-title":"Activity demands during multi-directional team sports: A systematic review","volume":"47","author":"J B Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2393-3391","article-title":"The influence of adolescent physical activity on bone mineral density\n                    among adult runners","volume":"46","author":"N Ikegami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516656163","article-title":"Ethnic differences in bony hip morphology in a cohort of 445 professional male\n                    soccer players","volume":"44","author":"A B Mosler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2486-8","article-title":"Prevalence of femoro-acetabular impingement in international competitive track\n                    and field athletes","volume":"38","author":"M Lahner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211023500","article-title":"Does the type of sport influence morphology of the hip? A systematic review","volume":"50","author":"C Doran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.11.1193","article-title":"Acetabular dysplasia and hip osteoarthritis in Britain and Japan","volume":"37","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.7.745","article-title":"Prevalence of hip osteoarthritis and acetabular dysplasia in french and japanese\n                    adults","volume":"39","author":"K Inoue","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.07.004","article-title":"Pincer deformity does not lead to osteoarthritis of the hip whereas acetabular\n                    dysplasia does: Acetabular coverage and development of osteoarthritis in a\n                    nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK)","volume":"21","author":"R Agricola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2018.11.003","article-title":"Effects of physical activity on children's growth","volume":"95","author":"J Alves","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2019.1635644","article-title":"Status of physical activity in Japanese adults and children","volume":"46","author":"S Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.05.003","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of sitting. A 20-country comparison using the\n                    International Physical Activity Questionnaire. (IPAQ)","volume":"41","author":"A. Bauman","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16585-6","article-title":"Reduced dynamic loads due to hip dislocation induce acetabular cartilage\n                    degeneration by IL-6 and MMP3 via the STAT3\/periostin\/NF-\u03baB axis","volume":"12","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine International Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2898-7378.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:07:03Z","timestamp":1788390423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2898-7378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CP","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["a28987378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2898-7378","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2367-1890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2367-1890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]}}}