{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:03:00Z","timestamp":1789772580500,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation is a safe and efficacious intervention for benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are the two most common methods of thermal ablation in clinical practice. Although direct comparisons are limited, a few studies have highlighted differences in outcomes and adverse events related to differences in heat generation between the two modalities. The focus of this review is to present these differences and provide an understanding on how they may impact the patient and nodule selection process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2901-2038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:43:16Z","timestamp":1784673796000},"page":"073-077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiofrequency versus Microwave Ablation: What Do the Data Tell Us?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander H.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, California, United States","place":["San Francisco"],"department":["Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamar","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona, Arizona, United States","place":["Tucson"],"department":["Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0562","article-title":"Conventional thyroidectomy vs thyroid thermal ablation on postoperative quality of life and satisfaction for patients with benign thyroid nodules","volume":"184","author":"H Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1176","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqaf265","article-title":"Thermal ablation compared to surgery for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review","volume":"98","author":"L Mascagni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000508484","article-title":"2020 European Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guideline for the use of image-guided ablation in benign thyroid nodules","volume":"9","author":"E Papini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-019-0682-2","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules: \u201cGood Clinical Practice Recommendations\u201d for Austria: an interdisciplinary statement from the following professional associations: Austrian Thyroid Association (\u00d6SDG), Austrian Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (OGNMB), Austrian Society for Endocrinology and Metabolism (\u00d6GES), Surgical Endocrinology Working Group (ACE) of the Austrian Surgical Society (OEGCH)","volume":"170","author":"H Dobnig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(96)80188-7","article-title":"Radiofrequency tissue ablation: increased lesion diameter with a perfusion electrode","volume":"3","author":"S N Goldberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.2.1740323","article-title":"Thermal ablation therapy for focal malignancy: a unified approach to underlying principles, techniques, and diagnostic imaging guidance","volume":"174","author":"S N Goldberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2011.12.5.525","article-title":"Thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules: radiofrequency and laser","volume":"12","author":"J H Baek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731377","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules","volume":"38","author":"T C Huber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.007","article-title":"Value of monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules","volume":"33","author":"H Dobnig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1261782","article-title":"Current tumor ablation technologies: basic science and device review","volume":"27","author":"D F Saldanha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.suppl_1.g01oc11s17","article-title":"Essential techniques for successful radio-frequency thermal ablation of malignant hepatic tumors","volume":"21","author":"H Rhim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2007.10.001","article-title":"Radiofrequency and microwave ablation of the liver, lung, kidney, and bone: what are the differences?","volume":"38","author":"C L Brace","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2007.08.011","article-title":"Microwave ablation technology: what every user should know","volume":"38","author":"C L Brace","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034509","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2403870","article-title":"Microwave heating of water, ice, and saline solution: molecular dynamics study","volume":"126","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.04.007","article-title":"Microwave tumor ablation: mechanism of action, clinical results, and devices","volume":"21","author":"M G Lubner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3432569","article-title":"Microwaves create larger ablations than radiofrequency when controlled for power in ex vivo tissue","volume":"37","author":"A Andreano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_240_19","article-title":"Microwave ablation: how we do it?","volume":"30","author":"K B Gala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2004.839308","article-title":"Microwave ablation with a triaxial antenna: results in ex vivo bovine liver","volume":"53","author":"C L Brace","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1109\/10.686796","article-title":"Microwave catheter design","volume":"45","author":"R D Nevels","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14116","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging artifacts: how to recognize them and how to avoid them","volume":"35","author":"M M Quien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0715-4","article-title":"Ultrasound monitoring of a novel microwave ablation (MWA) device in porcine liver: lessons learned and phenomena observed on ablative effects near major intrahepatic vessels","volume":"13","author":"S Garrean","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14438","article-title":"Comparison of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation for benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"D M Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2023.1004","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"H Zufry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10881-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation in benign thyroid nodule treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"H Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11543-y","article-title":"The long-term effects of thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"X Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0671","article-title":"Minimally invasive treatments of benign thyroid nodules: a network meta-analysis of short-term outcomes","volume":"33","author":"A Chorti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11985-4","article-title":"Single-session radiofrequency ablation versus microwave ablation of predominantly solid benign thyroid nodules\u2014a comparison after propensity score matching for initial nodule volumes and diameters","volume":"36","author":"M HM Fung","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232162","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232162","article-title":"Microwave versus radiofrequency ablation in treating predominantly solid benign thyroid nodules: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"313","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.4381","article-title":"Assessment of radiofrequency ablation for papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"148","author":"S PJ van Dijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244713","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2023.2244713","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency, microwave and laser ablation for the treatment of T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma on a large scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"X Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0100","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation versus thyroid lobectomy for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a propensity-matched cohort study of 884 patients","volume":"31","author":"L Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2025.11.027","article-title":"Comparative long-term outcomes of RFA vs. MWA for T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma in the danger triangle: a dual-center retrospective study","volume":"33","author":"D L Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11286-2","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation vs. microwave ablation for patients with T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"L Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2901-2038.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:43:23Z","timestamp":1789771403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2901-2038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2901-2038","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0739-9529","1098-8963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0739-9529","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}