{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:51:04Z","timestamp":1791589864629,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Die Infekti\u00f6se Bronchitis (IB) ist eine hochansteckende Viruserkrankung von\nH\u00fchnern mit weltweiter Verbreitung und erheblicher wirtschaftlicher\nBedeutung. Aufgrund der geringen Kreuzprotektivit\u00e4t zwischen manchen\nVarianten m\u00fcssen die heutzutage routinem\u00e4\u00dfig eingesetzten Impfprogramme\nregelm\u00e4\u00dfig \u00fcberpr\u00fcft und angepasst werden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die\nInzidenz und Verteilung der Infekti\u00f6sen Bronchitis in Westdeutschland und\nangrenzenden Regionen anhand einer retrospektiven Auswertung von\nUntersuchungsdaten aus der Bestandsbetreuung darzustellen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Es wurden 263 molekularbiologische Untersuchungen auf IB-Virus aus den Jahren\n2015\u20132025 (221 von Legehennen, 42 von Masth\u00e4hnchen) retrospektiv\nausgewertet. Die Analysen erfolgten mittels Real-Time RT-PCR. Ausgew\u00e4hlte\nProben wurden erg\u00e4nzend sequenziert. Die Einordnung der nachgewiesenen\nVarianten des Infekti\u00f6sen Bronchitis Virus (IBV) als Impf- oder Feldstamm\nerfolgte anhand der Impfhistorie sowie der Sequenzierung.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>93,2% der Untersuchungen waren IBV-positiv (Legehennen: 93,2%, Masth\u00e4hnchen:\n92,9%). Die am h\u00e4ufigsten nachgewiesenen Varianten waren QX und 793B. In 111\nUntersuchungen wurden mehrere Varianten parallel detektiert. Das Verh\u00e4ltnis\nder zirkulierenden Varianten blieb im Untersuchungszeitraum weitgehend\nkonstant. Bei Masth\u00e4hnchen war bei einem Gro\u00dfteil der Nachweise (76,5%) von\neinem Impfstamm auszugehen, w\u00e4hrend bei Legehennen eine Mehrzahl der\nNachweise (62,1%) wahrscheinlich auf zirkulierende Feldviren zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren\nwaren. Eine eindeutige Klassifikation als Impf- oder Feldstamm war jedoch\nnur in Einzelf\u00e4llen m\u00f6glich.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die weite Verbreitung von IB in\nGefl\u00fcgelbest\u00e4nden. Die Varianten QX und 793B stehen dabei im Praxisgebiet\n(vorwiegend NRW, aber auch angrenzende Regionen) \u00fcber die letzten Jahre\nkonstant an erster Stelle. Die hohe Anzahl gleichzeitiger Nachweise mehrerer\nVarianten sowie die h\u00e4ufig unklare Einordnung der nachgewiesenen Viren als\nFeld- oder Impfstamm unterstreichen jedoch die Komplexit\u00e4t des\nInfektionsgeschehens. Daher sollte die Interpretation von Befunden stets im\nKontext klinischer, anamnestischer und diagnostischer Informationen\nerfolgen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2901-4964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:58:16Z","timestamp":1788994696000},"page":"334-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Die Infekti\u00f6se Bronchitis ist allgegenw\u00e4rtig \u2013 Erkenntnisse aus 10\nJahren Diagnostik in einer Gefl\u00fcgelpraxis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Leif","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierarztpraxis an der G\u00fcterstra\u00dfe GmbH & Co. KG,\nHamminkeln"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"R\u00f6ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierarztpraxis an der G\u00fcterstra\u00dfe GmbH & Co. KG,\nHamminkeln"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"D\u00fcngelhoef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierarztpraxis an der G\u00fcterstra\u00dfe GmbH & Co. KG,\nHamminkeln"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252317000044","article-title":"Global distributions and strain diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus:\na review","volume":"18","author":"F Bande","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006055","article-title":"Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"38","author":"D. Cavanagh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001843","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Coronaviridae 2023","volume":"104","author":"PC Y Woo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11060605","article-title":"Evolutionary Analysis of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Reveals Marked Genetic\nDiversity and Recombination Events","volume":"11","author":"M A Rohaim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2024.2398030","article-title":"Lessons learnt on infectious bronchitis virus lineage GI-23","volume":"54","author":"A Finger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119371199.ch4","volume-title":"Infectious Bronchitis","author":"M W Jackwood","year":"2020"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.566260","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation\nand control measures","volume":"40","author":"J J de Wit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1144924","article-title":"Global Emergence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants:\nEvolution, Immunity, and Vaccination Challenges","author":"H H. Abozeid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transbound\nEmerg Dis"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459708419246","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis virus: Immunopathogenesis of infection in the chicken","volume":"26","author":"G D Raj","year":"1997","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-D-21-00096","article-title":"The Pathology of Infectious Bronchitis","volume":"65","author":"F J. Hoerr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0528","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Australian strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"126","author":"J Ignjatovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802356938","article-title":"Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen\nfree and commercial broiler chickens and evaluation of protection induced by a\nvaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4\/91 serotypes","volume":"37","author":"C Terregino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2021.110276","article-title":"The contribution of the immune response to enhanced colibacillosis upon\npreceding viral respiratory infection in broiler chicken in a dual infection\nmodel","volume":"238","author":"EAW S Weerts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.06.024","article-title":"Experimental co-infection of infectious bronchitis and low pathogenic avian\ninfluenza H9N2 viruses in commercial broiler chickens","volume":"115","author":"K E Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2307\/1590408","article-title":"Comparison of the Nephropathogenicity of Four Strains of Infectious Bronchitis\nVirus","volume":"30","author":"M A Albassam","year":"1986","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1969.tb01930.x","article-title":"The control of avian infectious bronchitis\/nephrosis in Australia","volume":"45","author":"R B. Cumming","year":"1969","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2002)046[0847:NIBIPC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis in Pennsylvania Chickens 1997\u20132000","volume":"46","author":"A F Ziegler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080437","article-title":"Shell-Less Egg Syndrome (SES) Widespread in Western Canadian Layer Operations Is\nLinked to a Massachusetts (Mass) Type Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)\nIsolate","volume":"10","author":"A Amarasinghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2307\/1587727","article-title":"Effects of Infectious Bronchitis on the Reproductive Tracts, Egg Production, and\nEgg Quality of Laying Chickens","volume":"1","author":"M Sevoian","year":"1957","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802662772","article-title":"Induction of eggshell apex abnormalities by Mycoplasma synoviae: field and\nexperimental studies","volume":"38","author":"A Feberwee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0350757","article-title":"Effects of Infectious Bronchitis in Baby Chicks","volume":"35","author":"D I Broadfoot","year":"1956","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1548248","article-title":"Pathological and molecular investigation of infectious bronchitis in broilers:\nanalyzing the impact of biosecurity lapses","volume":"12","author":"J Maleti\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2376\/1439-0299-2020-27","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis: 80 years of control efforts to combat a Coronavirus\ninfection in poultry","author":"S Rautenschlein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166324","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01663-24","article-title":"Recombinant infectious bronchitis virus containing mutations in\nnon-structural proteins 10, 14, 15, and 16 and within the macrodomain provides\ncomplete protection against homologous challenge","volume":"99","author":"S Keep","year":"2025","journal-title":"J\nVirol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459994506","article-title":"Breadth of protection of the respiratory tract provided by different\nlive-attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccines against challenge with infectious\nbronchitis viruses of heterologous serotypes","volume":"28","author":"J K Cook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1637\/10346-090412-Reg.1","article-title":"Emergence of a new genotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Brazil","volume":"57","author":"A P Fraga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7020079","article-title":"Infectious Bronchitis Virus Evolution, Diagnosis and Control","volume":"7","author":"M Legnardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030521","article-title":"Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in\nBrazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses","volume":"13","author":"GB C Salles","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.v85i5.16319","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis virus infections of chickens in Belgium: an\nepidemiological survey","volume":"85","author":"P de Herdt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref32","first-page":"552","article-title":"Vorkommen von Varianten des Infekti\u00f6se Bronchitis Virus des Huhnes verschiedener\nNutzungsrichtungen in vier Regionen Deutschlands","volume":"95","author":"R Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prakt Tierarzt"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17169\/refubium-4581","volume-title":"Das Infekti\u00f6se Bronchitis Virus (IBV): Molekularbiologische Untersuchungen zur\nDiagnostik und zum Vorkommen sowie zur Pathogenit\u00e4t des Genotyps IBV QX in\nspezifisch pathogenfreien (SPF) Broilern [Dissertation]","author":"V L. de Quadros","year":"2012"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6388","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez473","article-title":"Vaccine or field strains: the jigsaw pattern of infectious bronchitis virus\nmolecular epidemiology in Poland","volume":"98","author":"M Legnardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci"}],"container-title":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Gro\u00dftiere \/ Nutztiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2901-4964.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:18:52Z","timestamp":1791587932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2901-4964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2901-4964","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1220","2567-5834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1220","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-5834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}}}