{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:00:49Z","timestamp":1790586049892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gesundheitswesen"],"abstract":"Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n Gesunde Ern\u00e4hrung im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist essenziell f\u00fcr Gesundheit\n und Wohlbefinden und kann durch gesunde Ern\u00e4hrungsumgebungen an Schulen\n gezielt gef\u00f6rdert werden. Die vorliegende Leitlinie der\n Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) formuliert evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zu\n ern\u00e4hrungsbezogenen Richtlinien und Interventionen im Bereich der\n Schulverpflegung.<\/jats:p>\n Die Leitlinienentwicklung erfolgte nach standardisiertem WHO-Verfahren unter\n Einbindung der WHO Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group (NUGAG) und\n Evidenzbewertung mittels Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development\n and Evaluation System (GRADE). Die Evidenzgrundlage umfasste einen Scoping\n Review sowie einen Systematischen Review (Literatursuche bis 10\/2023) zu\n drei Interventionsbereichen: direkte Schulverpflegung, Ern\u00e4hrungsstandards\n und -richtlinien sowie Nudging-Ma\u00dfnahmen. F\u00fcr Interventionen zu\n Marketingbeschr\u00e4nkungen oder Preisma\u00dfnahmen wurden keine geeigneten Studien\n identifiziert.<\/jats:p>\n Die WHO empfiehlt, die Schulverpflegung gezielt zu nutzen, um den Verzehr\n gesundheitsf\u00f6rderlicher Lebensmittel und Getr\u00e4nke zu steigern. Ebenso\n empfiehlt die WHO Ern\u00e4hrungsstandards oder -richtlinien festzulegen und\n anzuwenden, um Verf\u00fcgbarkeit, Kauf und Verzehr von gesundheitsf\u00f6rderlichen\n Lebensmitteln und Getr\u00e4nken zu erh\u00f6hen und jene, die nicht zu einer gesunden\n Ern\u00e4hrung beitragen, zu verringern. Nudging-Ma\u00dfnahmen, die die\n Ern\u00e4hrungsumgebung in der Schule ver\u00e4ndern, um Auswahl, Kauf und Verzehr von\n gesundheitsf\u00f6rderlichen Lebensmitteln und Getr\u00e4nken zu erh\u00f6hen, sollten\n umgesetzt werden, wobei mehrere gleichzeitige Nudging-Ma\u00dfnahmen als\n effektsteigernd angesehen werden. Die Umsetzung dieser Leitlinie sollte\n lokale Faktoren wie die Ern\u00e4hrungssituation des Landes, soziokulturellen und\n -\u00f6konomischen Kontext, regional verf\u00fcgbare Lebensmittel,\n Ern\u00e4hrungssicherheit, Klimawandel, Ern\u00e4hrungsgewohnheiten, Infrastruktur,\n Ressourcen, politische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie\n Governance-Strukturen des WHO-Mitgliedstaates ber\u00fccksichtigen und einen\n koordinierten Ansatz mit weiteren relevanten Leitlinien und Empfehlungen\n verfolgen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2923-9047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:51:13Z","timestamp":1790585473000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Richtlinien und Interventionen zur Gestaltung gesunder\n Ern\u00e4hrungsumgebungen in Schulen \u2013 WHO Leitlinie"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7319-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigrid","family":"Moick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Weiterbildung Krems, Nieder\u00f6sterreich, Austria","place":["Krems an der Donau"],"department":["Department f\u00fcr Evidenzbasierte Medizin und Evaluation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-1507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isolde","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Weiterbildung Krems, Nieder\u00f6sterreich, Austria","place":["Krems an der Donau"],"department":["Department f\u00fcr Evidenzbasierte Medizin und Evaluation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Gartlehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Weiterbildung Krems, Nieder\u00f6sterreich, Austria","place":["Krems an der Donau"],"department":["Department f\u00fcr Evidenzbasierte Medizin und Evaluation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01590-7","article-title":"Nutrition in adolescent growth and development","volume":"399","author":"S A Norris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: a systematic\n analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"393","author":"GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic \u2013 report of a WHO\n consultation","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Making every school a health-promoting school: global standards and\n indicators","author":"World Health Organization, United Nations Educational,\n Scientific and Cultural Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"WHO handbook for guideline development","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"H Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Assessing the existing evidence base on school food and nutrition policies: a\n scoping review","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad059","article-title":"Effects of policies or interventions that influence the school food environment\n on children\u2019s health and nonhealth outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"82","author":"S Dur\u00e3o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"A global health strategy for 2025\u20132028: advancing equity and resilience in a\n turbulent world: fourteenth General Programme of Work","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Convention on the Rights of the Child","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["Das Gesundheitswesen"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2923-9047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:51:14Z","timestamp":1790585474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2923-9047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2923-9047","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-3790","1439-4421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-3790","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-4421","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}