{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:20:24Z","timestamp":1787786424004,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of oncologic-directed immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, has risen exponentially in recent years. Although these therapies have been shown to improve long-term survival and quality of life in responsive patients, their nonspecific immune system activation can lead to unanticipated neurotoxicity, among other complications. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may involve any location in the entire neuroaxis, posing a diagnostic challenge, and may cause severe, life-threatening complications. ICI-related neurotoxicities may include peripheral neuropathies, myositis, myasthenia gravis, encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, myelitis, and demyelinating disorders. CAR-T therapies carry a comparatively higher risk of neurologic irAEs, most notably immune effector cell\u2013associated neurotoxicity syndrome. In this review, neurotoxicity syndromes associated with ICI and CAR-T therapies are outlined, along with diagnostic approaches and management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2936-4931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:12:47Z","timestamp":1787785967000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurologic Complications of Cancer Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Balshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanth","family":"Rajarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb R.S.","family":"McEntire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9991-9222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna S.","family":"Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, United States","place":["Boston"],"department":["Department of 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