{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:19:48Z","timestamp":1787959188812,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically changed the landscape of treatment for a variety of cancers. However, there is increasing recognition of neurotoxicity related to ICI use. In this review, we will discuss the peripheral nervous system neurologic immune related adverse events (PNS-nirAEs) of anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1, and anti-PDL1 ICIs, including nerve, neuromuscular junction, muscle, and overlap syndromes. We will discuss the relevant epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnostic approaches, treatment, and prognosis of PNS-nirAEs. We will discuss the safety and efficacy of ICIs when utilized in patients with pre-existing neurologic autoimmune disorders (NAIDs). Lastly, we will discuss relevant treatment options and when to consider rechallenging with ICI after an initial de novo PNS-nirAE or exacerbation of a pre-existing NAID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2936-5945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:00:03Z","timestamp":1787958003000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Syndromes of Peripheral Nervous System Neurotoxicity from Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Isaac","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Health, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Health, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6957-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakinah","family":"Sabadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Health, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17670-y","article-title":"A decade of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"C Robert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11057","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.11057","article-title":"Overlapping and non-overlapping indications for checkpoint inhibitors in the US","volume":"42","author":"J 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