{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:45:52Z","timestamp":1789825552482,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstrakt<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Makul\u00e4re Teleangiektasien Typ 2 (MacTel) ist eine seltene, bilateral auftretende neurodegenerative Erkrankung der Makula, die mit sekund\u00e4ren vaskul\u00e4ren Ver\u00e4nderungen einhergeht. Pathophysiologisch steht die Dysfunktion der M\u00fcllerzellen im Vordergrund. Ihr Verlust f\u00fchrt zur progressiven Degeneration zentraler Zapfen-Photorezeptoren und kann sekund\u00e4r zur Entstehung makul\u00e4rer Neovaskularisationen (MNV) beitragen, die etwa 10% der Patienten betreffen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Ein wesentlicher pathophysiologischer Mechanismus ist eine St\u00f6rung im Serin- und Sphingolipidstoffwechsel. MacTel-Patienten weisen signifikant niedrigere Serinspiegel im Blut auf, was zur vermehrten Synthese neurotoxischer Deoxysphingolipide f\u00fchrt \u2013 bei Betroffenen um ca. 84% erh\u00f6ht gegen\u00fcber Gesunden. Diese toxischen Lipide sch\u00e4digen M\u00fcllerzellen, Photorezeptoren und retinale Ganglienzellen. Eine orale Serin-Supplementierung wird als vielversprechender kausaler Therapieansatz diskutiert. Erste Tierstudien zeigen reversible Netzhautver\u00e4nderungen unter Serintherapie; eine Phase-3-Studie zur Supplementierung bei MacTel-Patienten ist in Vorbereitung.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Klinisch imponieren in der OCT hyporeflektive Hohlr\u00e4ume und ein Verlust der Ellipsoidzone (EZ) als Marker der Photorezeptoratrophie sowie ein Verlust von Makulapigment in der Fundusautofluoreszenz. Die Fluoreszeinangiographie zeigt telangiektatische Kapillare temporal der Fovea in der Fr\u00fchphase und diffuse Leckagen in der Sp\u00e4tphase. Symptomatisch klagen Patienten vor allem \u00fcber Leseschwierigkeiten, Metamorphopsien und parazentrale Skotome; eine ausgepr\u00e4gte Einschr\u00e4nkung des zentralen Sehverm\u00f6gens tritt erst in sp\u00e4ten Krankheitsstadien auf.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Therapeutisch gilt die intravitreale Anti-VEGF-Therapie als Standardbehandlung bei exsudativer MNV, hat jedoch bei nicht-proliferativer MacTel keinen Nutzen und kann die Erkrankung sogar ung\u00fcnstig beeinflussen. Einen Meilenstein stellt die im M\u00e4rz 2025 durch die FDA zugelassene Therapie mit dem Encelto-Implantat (revakinagene taroretcel-lwey) dar. Das Implantat enth\u00e4lt allogene RPE-Zellen, die kontinuierlich den Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) produzieren und sezernieren, und gilt als erste krankheitsmodifizierende Therapie f\u00fcr MacTel. In zwei parallelen Phase-3-Studien (NTMT-03-A\/B) reduzierte das Implantat den EZ-Verlust um ca. 55% bzw. 31% gegen\u00fcber Sham. Die europ\u00e4ische Zulassung durch die EMA steht noch aus. In diesem \u00dcbersichtsartikel werden aktuelle und zuk\u00fcnftige Therapiem\u00f6glichkeiten der Makul\u00e4ren Teleangiektasien Typ 2 systematisch dargestellt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2936-8879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:15:36Z","timestamp":1786749336000},"page":"911-921","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Makul\u00e4re Telaeangiektasien Typ 2 (MacTel) \u2013 Therapieans\u00e4tze und neue Erkenntnisse"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Harten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn Augenklinik, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany","place":["Bonn"],"department":["Augenklinik"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Raming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn Augenklinik, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany","place":["Bonn"],"department":["Augenklinik"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Goerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn Augenklinik, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany","place":["Bonn"],"department":["Augenklinik"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn Augenklinik, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany","place":["Bonn"],"department":["Augenklinik"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3642-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Pfau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn Augenklinik, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany","place":["Bonn"],"department":["Augenklinik"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsspital Basel Augenklinik, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland","place":["Basel"],"department":["Augenklinik"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030030773010","article-title":"Idiopathic Juxtafoveolar retinal Telangiectasis","volume":"100","author":"J D Gass","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.11.002","article-title":"Macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"34","author":"P Charbel Issa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31447-8","article-title":"Idiopathic Juxtafoveolar retinal Telangiectasis","volume":"100","author":"J DM Gass","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.02.013","article-title":"The prevalence of macular telangiectasia type 2 in the beaver dam eye study","volume":"150","author":"R Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1815111","article-title":"Serine and lipid metabolism in macular disease and peripheral neuropathy","volume":"381","author":"M L Gantner","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004681","article-title":"Frequency of misdiagnoses and associated risk factors in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"46","author":"K Raming","year":"2026","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001715","article-title":"Longitudinal correlation of ellipsoid zone loss and functional loss in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"38","author":"T FC Heeren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2025.11.008","article-title":"Long-term progression of ellipsoid zone loss and associated features on optical coherence tomography in macular telangiectasia type 2","author":"K Raming","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.07.021","article-title":"Serine and glycine physiology reversibly modulate retinal and peripheral nerve function","volume":"36","author":"E W Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101401","article-title":"Clinical histopathology and pathogenesis of macular telangiectasia type 2","author":"D P Ntentakis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S373538","article-title":"Macular telangiectasia type 2: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"K C Kedarisetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00361-3","article-title":"Serine biosynthesis defect due to haploinsufficiency of PHGDH causes retinal disease","volume":"3","author":"K Eade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.02.006","article-title":"Quantification of reduced macular pigment optical density in the central retina in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"89","author":"P Charbel Issa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.001","article-title":"Perifoveal m\u00fcller cell depletion in a case of macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"117","author":"M B Powner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01788-w","article-title":"Identification of genetic factors influencing metabolic dysregulation and retinal support for MacTel, a retinal disorder","author":"R Bonelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2032","article-title":"Reading performance is reduced by parafoveal scotomas in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"50","author":"R P Finger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-009-9190-9","article-title":"Metamorphopsia in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"119","author":"P Charbel Issa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2025.19940","article-title":"Macular telangiectasia type 2: Long-Term disease Progression and Management of Complications","volume":"55","author":"M \u00d6zbek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.14.36","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of relative ellipsoid zone reflectivity for ellipsoid zone loss in macular telangiectasia type 2","author":"L Goerdt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.3.330","article-title":"Correlation of functional impairment and morphological alterations in patients with group 2A idiopathic Juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasia","volume":"126","author":"S Schmitz-Valckenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1272","article-title":"Microperimetric assessment of patients with type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia","volume":"48","author":"P Charbel Issa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100261","article-title":"Macular telangiectasia type 2: a classification system using MultiModal imaging MacTel project report number 10","author":"E Y Chew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313364","article-title":"Right-angled vessels in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"105","author":"S Tzaridis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316021","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-angiography for monitoring neovascularisations in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"105","author":"S Tzaridis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.3.320","article-title":"Neovascular membranes associated with idiopathic Juxtafoveolar Telangiectasis","volume":"120","author":"N E Engelbrecht","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06330-8","article-title":"Vitreomacular interface abnormalities in type 2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel)","volume":"262","author":"R Venkatesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.04.042","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography findings in tamoxifen retinopathy","volume":"140","author":"V Gualino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.08.004","article-title":"Tamoxifen retinopathy and macular telangiectasia type 2: similarities and differences on Multimodal retinal imaging","volume":"7","author":"K Hess","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"F L Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2025.06.005","article-title":"Neuroprotective properties of ciliary neurotrophic factor in the retina for the treatment of macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"84","author":"A Nystuen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34443-x","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection involves enhanced glycolysis and anabolism in degenerating mouse retinas","author":"K Do Rhee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.11.3","article-title":"Long-Term Durability of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor\u2013Releasing Revakinagene Taroretcel-lwey in Individuals With Retinal Degenerative Disorders","author":"K Kauper","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2400481","article-title":"Cell-based ciliary neurotrophic factor therapy for macular telangiectasia type 2","author":"E Y Chew","year":"2025","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e998","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14110","article-title":"Progression characteristics of ellipsoid zone loss in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"97","author":"D Pauleikhoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"4","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor \u2013 a promising new therapy for macular telangiectasia type 2","author":"J L Duncan","year":"2025","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1539","volume-title":"Macular telangiectasia type 2: visual acuity, disease end stage, and the MacTel area: MacTel project report number 8","author":"T FC Heeren","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-318470","article-title":"Morphological characteristics preceding exudative neovascularisation secondary to macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"106","author":"K Hess","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003111","article-title":"Hyperreflectivity on optical coherence tomography in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"41","author":"S Tzaridis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001035","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for subretinal neovascularization secondary to idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"36","author":"O Toygar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.04874","article-title":"Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab in treatment of proliferative type 2 idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia","volume":"47","author":"\u00d6 Baz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk Oftalmoloiji Dergisi"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000715","article-title":"Poor long-term outcome of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in nonproliferative macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"35","author":"E H Kupitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15715","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2841-12.2012","article-title":"Conditional m\u00fcller cell ablation causes independent neuronal and vascular pathologies in a novel transgenic model","volume":"32","author":"W Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.11.019","article-title":"Monthly Ranibizumab for nonproliferative macular telangiectasia type 2: a 12-month prospective study","volume":"151","author":"P Charbel Issa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31818ba9de","article-title":"Bevacizumab (AVASTIN) therapy for idiopathic macular telangiectasia type ii","volume":"29","author":"J L Kovach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2016.1221971","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of safety of L-serine for ALS patients","volume":"18","author":"T D Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.105299","article-title":"Serine supplementation suppresses hypoxia-induced pathological retinal angiogenesis","volume":"15","author":"H Yagi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-9-84","article-title":"Deoxysphingoid bases as plasma markers in diabetes mellitus","author":"M Bertea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2015.03.011","article-title":"Fenofibrate lowers atypical sphingolipids in plasma of dyslipidemic patients: a novel approach for treating diabetic neuropathy?","volume":"9","author":"A Othman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.12.010","article-title":"Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of its constituent carotenoids following supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin: the LUNA study","volume":"84","author":"M Trieschmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001450","article-title":"Macular pigment distribution responses to high-dose zeaxanthin supplementation in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"37","author":"R Y Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000009","article-title":"Outcomes of macular hole surgeries for macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"34","author":"P A Karth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000246678.93495.2f","article-title":"Full-thickness macular hole formation in idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasis","volume":"27","author":"H Koizumi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP81","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119886177","article-title":"Inverted internal limiting membrane-flap technique to treat a full-thickness macular hole complicating idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"31","author":"G Sborgia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(97)30019-0","article-title":"Grid laser photocoagulation for macular edema in bilateral juxtafoveal telangiectasis","volume":"104","author":"D W Park","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.11.007","article-title":"Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 (idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis type 2A, Mac Tel 2)","volume":"58","author":"L Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.06.067","article-title":"Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and intraocular pressure","volume":"138","author":"L M Smithen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2936-8879.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:40:29Z","timestamp":1789771229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2936-8879"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2936-8879","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]}}}