{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:18:05Z","timestamp":1787699885010,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a recognized adverse effect of\n                        amiodarone therapy. However, its long-term effects on cardiovascular\n                        morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality remain insufficiently\n                        characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular\n                        events, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality following\n                        amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and to assess their association with\n                        clinical, biochemical, and therapeutic parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 113 adult patients\n                        diagnosed with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and followed at a tertiary\n                        endocrinology center between 2008 and 2024. Clinical and biochemical\n                        characteristics, therapeutic interventions, cardiovascular events, hospital\n                        admissions, and mortality were recorded. The event-free survival was\n                        evaluated using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves, and predictors of outcomes were\n                        assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty patients (44.2%) were classified as amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis\n                        type 1 and 63 patients (55.8%) as amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type 2.\n                        Over a median follow-up of 52 months, 42.5% experienced at least one\n                        cardiovascular event, 38.0% required hospitalization, and 33.6% died. Serum\n                        free thyroxine levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients who\n                        developed cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 2.6; 95% confidence interval:\n                        1.9\u20133.7 vs. hazard ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.6\u20133.4 ng\/dL;\n                            p=0.042). Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis showed reduced survival in older\n                        patients (p&lt;0.001). In the multivariate model, age at diagnosis\n                        was the only independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio=1.06; 95%\n                        confidence interval: 1.02\u20131.10; p=0.001). Neither amiodarone-induced\n                        thyrotoxicosis type nor treatment intensity were significantly associated\n                        with cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization, or survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is associated with substantial long-term\n                        clinical burden. In unadjusted analysis, elevated free thyroxine levels were\n                        associated with cardiovascular events, although this association did not\n                        reach significance after multivariate adjustment. Age at amiodarone-induced\n                        thyrotoxicosis diagnosis was the only independent predictor of mortality.\n                        Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type and treatment intensity did not\n                        significantly influence outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2937-4553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:53:12Z","timestamp":1787698392000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular Outcomes, Hospitalization, and Mortality following\n                    Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro\n                    Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain","place":["Majadahonda"],"department":["Endocrinology and Nutrition Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0126-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro\n                    Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain","place":["Majadahonda"],"department":["Endocrinology and Nutrition Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2017-0694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro\n                    Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain","place":["Majadahonda"],"department":["Endocrinology and Nutrition Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.11.1312","article-title":"Prescribing amiodarone: An evidence-based review of clinical indications","volume":"298","author":"P Vassallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104521","article-title":"The role of amiodarone in contemporary management of complex cardiac\n                    arrhythmias","volume":"151","author":"N Mujovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S1575-0922(07)71465-1","article-title":"Repercusiones del tratamiento con amiodarona sobre la funci\u00f3n tiroidea y su\n                    manejo actual","volume":"54","author":"P Iglesias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinol Nutr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02168-3","article-title":"Short review: novel concepts in the approach to patients with amiodarone-induced\n                    thyrotoxicosis","volume":"47","author":"D Cappellani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20115","article-title":"Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction: A high cumulative incidence in a\n                    nationwide cohort study in Iceland","volume":"298","author":"P Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0267","article-title":"The onset time of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) depends on AIT\n                    type","volume":"171","author":"L Tomisti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2018.05.001","article-title":"Issues in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: Update and review of the\n                    literature","volume":"80","author":"S Maqdasy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000486957","article-title":"2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) guidelines for the management of\n                    amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"L Bartalena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0118","article-title":"Identification of two different phenotypes of patients with amiodarone-induced\n                    thyrotoxicosis and positive thyrotropin receptor antibody tests","volume":"31","author":"D Cappellani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102395","article-title":"The roles of thyroidectomy in patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: A\n                    systematic review","volume":"49","author":"W Widiarti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.36","article-title":"Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in heart failure with a reduced ejection\n                    fraction: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"1","author":"J M Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1907","article-title":"Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular\n                    outcome","volume":"94","author":"K-H Yiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac756","article-title":"Real-life data on the effect of medical therapy for amiodarone-induced\n                    thyrotoxicosis on CV events and hospitalizations","volume":"108","author":"D Cappellani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20190757","article-title":"Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis\u2014literature review & clinical update","volume":"117","author":"LV F Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.405","article-title":"Mortality after total thyroidectomy for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis\n                    according to left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"169","author":"S Frey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"2016 american thyroid association guidelines for diagnosis and management of\n                    hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"D S Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00005-0","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism: Aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, complications,\n                    and prognosis","volume":"11","author":"W M Wiersinga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.70.7.624","article-title":"Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis: Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies","volume":"70","author":"G A Cardenas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3849","article-title":"Thyroid function tests and mortality in aged hospitalized patients: A 7-year\n                    prospective observational study","volume":"98","author":"P Iglesias","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000048124.64204.3f","article-title":"Low-T3 syndrome: A strong prognostic predictor of death in patients with heart\n                    disease","volume":"107","author":"G Iervasi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2018.02.013","article-title":"Low T3 syndrome improves risk prediction of in-hospital cardiovascular death in\n                    patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"72","author":"W Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6094","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13206094","article-title":"Amiodarone therapy: Updated practical insights","volume":"13","author":"V \u0218orodoc","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04552-w","article-title":"Cardiac evaluation in amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction with suspected\n                    cardiac ischemia?: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Y Aubry","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.2.0427","article-title":"The effects of amiodarone on the thyroid","volume":"22","author":"E Martino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2937-4553.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:53:12Z","timestamp":1787698392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2937-4553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2937-4553","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}}}