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In combination with regenerative strategies including the application of bone\n\t\t\tmarrow \/mononuclear stroma cells, growth factors, cytokines (VEGF, PDGF, BMP2 etc.) as\n\t\t\twell as extracellular vesicles (EVs), bone substitutes (BS) may augment, supplement or\n\t\t\teven replace autologous bone grafts. BS provide a three-dimensional network that allows\n\t\t\tguided cellular migration, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralisation. In\n\t\t\taccordance with bionic principles, defined CaP-based BS have shown promising clinical\n\t\t\tresults and are frequently applied in daily orthopaedic practice. In recent years and\n\t\t\twith better understanding, new technologies have been introduced in this area. These\n\t\t\ttrends include ex vivo coating strategies for BS, the implementation of AI in BS design\n\t\t\tand planning, the combination with growth factors such as NELL-1 or P-15, the\n\t\t\tconsideration of osteoimmunologic aspects, and the application of new material\n\t\t\tcomposites. In this study, we provide an overview and update to well-established\n\t\t\tstandards and innovations in the field of ceramic BS and discuss findings reported in\n\t\t\tthe literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2938-4578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:56:17Z","timestamp":1788821777000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ceramic Bone Substitutes in Orthopaedic Surgery: Standards, Trends and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9516-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","place":["Essen"],"department":["Chair of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery"]},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Germany","place":["M\u00fclheim a.d.R."],"department":["St. Marien Hospital M\u00fclheim a.d.R."]},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Germany","place":["Essen"],"department":["Philippus Stift Essen"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftherios","family":"Papaeleftheriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Germany","place":["M\u00fclheim a.d.R."],"department":["St. Marien Hospital M\u00fclheim a.d.R."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Haversath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","place":["Nettetal"],"department":["Centre Arthroscopy and Arthroplasty, St\u00e4dtisches Krankenhaus Nettetal GmbH"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","place":["Wolfsburg"],"department":["Department of Trauma, 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