{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:59:46Z","timestamp":1790639986666,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background Sedative medication is routinely used during colonoscopy. Sedation practices may vary in terms of the type and dose of administered medication, possibly impacting clinical outcomes, associated risks, and financial and environmental burdens. We aimed to assess trends and variations in colonoscopy sedation in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods Data prospectively recorded in the Dutch Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Audit registry between January 2020 and January 2025 were analyzed. Annual trends in the application of different types of sedation were assessed. Variations across endoscopy units were evaluated by comparing midazolam dosing regimens and the proportional application of propofol-based sedation. Regression analyses assessing the association between sedation and cecal intubation and polyp detection were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results Data from 285,241 colonoscopies were included. Application of propofol-based sedation increased from 5.8% (2020) to 10.0% (2024). The largest increases were observed for IBD-related (11.6\u201323.2%) and therapeutic indications (28.2\u201351.7%). For midazolam-based sedation, the mean dose administered varied considerably across units (2.1\u20135.6mg), as did the proportional application of propofol-based sedation (median 5.0% [IQR 2.3\u201315.7]; range 0\u201338%). Compared to midazolam-based sedation using doses equal to or lower than 2.5 mg, propofol-based sedation was not associated with improved cecal intubation (\u22120.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22121.0 to \u22120.3%), although it was associated with polyp detection (+5.5%; 95% CI +2.8 to +8.3%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion Colonoscopy sedation practices vary across Dutch endoscopy units in terms of midazolam dosing regimens and the proportional application of propofol-based sedation. In general, propofol-based colonoscopy sedation is increasing. This study\u2019s findings may inform guidelines for more standardized, evidence-based, and resource-conscious sedation practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2942-3921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:30:05Z","timestamp":1789083005000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Trends and Variations in Colonoscopy Sedation: Insights based on the Dutch Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Audit"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Querijn N.E.","family":"van Bokhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, the Netherlands","place":["Leiden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula F.B.","family":"Vernooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, the Netherlands","place":["Leiden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlijn J.","family":"Nass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate Hospital, the Netherlands","place":["Arnhem"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos W.","family":"Borkent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lectorate for Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands","place":["Nijmegen"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurri\u00ebn G.P.","family":"Reijnders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC, the Netherlands","place":["Rotterdam"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"van der Schaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Antonius Hospital, the Netherlands","place":["Nieuwegein"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.M.T.","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diakonessenhuis, the Netherlands","place":["Utrecht"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Fockens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Waikato Hospital, New Zealand","place":["Hamilton"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"van der Vlugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4363-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands","place":["Amsterdam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Dutch Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Audit scientific 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