{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:51:52Z","timestamp":1792018312005,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01\/02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":133,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["825575, 826494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825575, 826494"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Methods Inf Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cancer remains the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children over the age of one in Europe, with over 35,000 new pediatric cases and more than 6,000 deaths annually. Due to the rarity of pediatric cancers, clinical trial protocols often substitute for formal treatment guidelines, resulting in many children being enrolled in multiple trials, with biological samples and genomic data stored in various biobanks. Data collection in pediatric oncology is challenging, with sparse data acquired over extended periods, underscoring the need for optimal utilization of all available information through linked, privacy-preserving datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we report the development of a distributed, privacy-preserving data infrastructure for the PRIMAGE project, a European initiative aimed at supporting artificial intelligence (AI)-driven image analysis for pediatric cancer prognostics. The infrastructure leverages the European Patient Identity (EUPID) Services for Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage, enabling pseudonymized data integration across clinical, biological, and imaging sources. The system incorporates EUPID's hashing and phonetic matching protocols to pseudonymize patient identifiers and link distributed datasets, facilitating secondary data use in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Data from over 700 neuroblastoma patients from European trials and hospitals were linked and uploaded to the PRIMAGE platform, where AI models predict clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This infrastructure successfully facilitated AI model development, advancing pediatric oncology research, and offering a scalable framework for future European health data initiatives, such as the European Health Data Space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2942-8547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:05:25Z","timestamp":1789189525000},"page":"054-064","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Privacy-Preserving Linkage of Distributed Biological, Clinical, and Imaging Data Supporting Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Oncology"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Dieter","family":"Hayn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Digital Health Information Systems, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]},{"name":"Graz University of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Neural Engineering, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Digital Health Information Systems, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Kreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Digital Health Information Systems, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Sandner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Digital Health Information Systems, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Jammerbund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Digital Health Information Systems, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schalling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Austria","place":["Vienna"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Poetschger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Austria","place":["Vienna"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Duester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Austria","place":["Vienna"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Martinez de Las Heras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Paediatric Haemato-oncology Unit, La Fe Health Research Institute (IIS La Fe), Spain","place":["Valencia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Ca\u00f1ete Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Paediatric Haemato-oncology Unit, La Fe Health Research Institute (IIS La Fe), Spain","place":["Valencia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in Medicine, QUIBIM, Spain","place":["Valencia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mart\u00ed-Bonmat\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital & Biomedical Imaging Research Group, Spain","place":["Valencia"],"department":["Department of Medical Imaging"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Ladenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Austria","place":["Vienna"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Schreier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Digital Health Information Systems, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]},{"name":"Graz University of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Neural Engineering, Styria, Austria","place":["Graz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"29","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00033","article-title":"The critical role of academic clinical trials in pediatric cancer drug approvals: design, conduct, and fit for purpose data for positive regulatory decisions","volume":"40","author":"B De Wilde","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.2741\/3410","article-title":"A web-based platform for interdisciplinary biomedical research","volume":"14","author":"G Schreier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020309","article-title":"Investigation of the role of dinutuximab beta-based immunotherapy in the SIOPEN high-risk neuroblastoma 1 trial (HR-NBL1)","volume":"12","author":"R Ladenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"287","article-title":"IT infrastructure for merging data from different clinical trials and across independent research networks","volume":"228","author":"D Hayn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.10.020","article-title":"Central nervous system relapse in high-risk stage 4 neuroblastoma: the HR-NBL1\/SIOPEN trial experience","volume":"144","author":"P Berlanga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00287-X","article-title":"The impact of the EU General Data Protection Regulation on childhood cancer research in Europe","volume":"23","author":"G Vassal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16152696","article-title":"Use cases requiring privacy-preserving record linkage in paediatric oncology","volume":"16","author":"D Hayn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751234","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2026.1751234","article-title":"EUPID-configurable privacy-preserving record linkage in federated health data spaces","volume":"8","author":"D Hayn","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Digit 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Eng"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"644","article-title":"A one way public key cryptosystem for the linkage of nominal files in epidemiological studies","volume":"8","author":"L Dusserre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Medinfo"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(98)00019-7","article-title":"How to ensure data security of an epidemiological follow-up: quality assessment of an anonymous record linkage procedure","volume":"49","author":"C Quantin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Privacy-preserving fuzzy matching using a public reference table","author":"C Pang","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Scalable and Approximate Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage","author":"D Vatsalan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"653","volume-title":"Privacy preserving schema and data matching","author":"M Scannapieco","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"167","article-title":"Efficient privacy-aware record integration","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"M Kuzu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Database Technol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa764","article-title":"Mainzelliste SecureEpiLinker (MainSEL): privacy-preserving record linkage using secure multi-party computation","volume":"38","author":"S Stammler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03671-6","article-title":"Record linkage based patient intersection cardinality for rare disease studies using Mainzelliste and secure multi-party computation","volume":"20","author":"T Kussel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"Doc05","article-title":"Privacy-preserving record linkage by a federated trusted third party (fTTP) \u2013 unlocking medical research potential in Germany","volume":"21","author":"C Hampf","year":"2025","journal-title":"GMS Med Inform Biom Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"211","article-title":"Patient identity management for secondary use of biomedical research data in a distributed computing environment","volume":"198","author":"M Nitzlnader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751234","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2026.1751234","article-title":"EUPID-configurable privacy-preserving record linkage in federated health data spaces","volume":"8","author":"D Hayn","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5659","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235659","article-title":"Enhancing prostate cancer diagnosis with a novel artificial intelligence-based web application: synergizing deep learning models, multimodal data, and insights from usability study with pathologists","volume":"15","author":"A Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2023.2286001","article-title":"Medical imaging and multimodal artificial intelligence models for streamlining and enhancing cancer care: opportunities and challenges","volume":"23","author":"K Pierre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2023.10.006","article-title":"Big data and artificial intelligence in cancer research","volume":"10","author":"X Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02964-x","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer based on multimodal data: a multicenter study","volume":"21","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-020-00150-9","article-title":"PRIMAGE project: predictive in silico multiscale analytics to support childhood cancer personalised evaluation empowered by imaging biomarkers","volume":"4","author":"L Mart\u00ed-Bonmat\u00ed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05770-y","article-title":"Imaging biomarkers and radiomics in pediatric oncology: a view from the PRIMAGE (PRedictive In silico Multiscale Analytics to support cancer personalized diaGnosis and prognosis, Empowered by imaging biomarkers) project","volume":"54","author":"D Veiga-Canuto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051622","article-title":"Independent Validation of a Deep Learning nnU-Net Tool for Neuroblastoma Detection and Segmentation in MR Images","volume":"15","author":"D Veiga-Canuto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-023-00336-x","article-title":"Data infrastructures for AI in medical imaging: a report on the experiences of five EU projects","volume":"7","author":"H Kondylakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1200\/CCI.20.00074","article-title":"Tailoring therapy for children with neuroblastoma on the basis of risk group classification: past, present, and future","volume":"4","author":"W H Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Clin Cancer Inform"}],"container-title":["Methods of Information in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2942-8547.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:39:18Z","timestamp":1792017558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2942-8547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01\/02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2942-8547","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-1270","2511-705X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-1270","type":"print"},{"value":"2511-705X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}}}