{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:19:52Z","timestamp":1788391192150,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) injuries are a common cause of lameness in horses. Localization of pain in the proximal metacarpal and carpal region remains challenging. Current diagnostic analgesic techniques are not PSL-specific. The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve supply of the PSL, with particular focus on the deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve (DBLPaN), and to develop a landmark-based, ultrasound-guided injection technique targeting this nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Eighteen limbs from euthanized horses were dissected to describe the anatomy of the DBLPaN and branches, measuring distances from the distal margin of the accessory carpal bone (ACB) to the nerve origin and its insertion on the suspensory ligament. These findings guided development of an ultrasound-guided injection technique, which was assessed in 20 additional limbs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Considerable anatomical variability was observed, with two to six accessory branches per DBLPaN. Mean distance from the distal ACB margin to the DBLPaN origin was 2.5\u2009cm and to the insertion on the PSL was 5.1\u2009cm. Injections were successful in 65%, partially successful in 25%, and unsuccessful in 10% of limbs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The current study provided new detailed information regarding the anatomy of the DBLPaN and of the PSL innervation. The DBLPaN was injected with an accuracy that would be of clinical value. These findings provide a foundation for the development of more specific diagnostic analgesic techniques and warrant further in vivo investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2944-1706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:01:46Z","timestamp":1788390106000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anatomy and Ultrasound-Guided Injection of the Deep Branch of the Lateral Palmar Nerve in the Horse: A Cadaveric Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Corraretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Equine Hospital, Saudi Arabia","place":["Riyadh"],"department":["Jockey Club of Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Enriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan, Italy","place":["Lodi"],"department":["Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide Danilo","family":"Zani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan, Italy","place":["Lodi"],"department":["Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajsa Emma Viktoria","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Saudi Arabia","place":["Riyadh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Some observations on lameness associated with pain in the proximal metacarpal region","volume":"43","author":"S J Dyson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044890580","article-title":"Prevalence of 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of the suspensory ligament in the horse: a diagnostic challenge]","volume":"148","author":"ChJ Lischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01073.x","article-title":"Excision of the deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve of horses to resolve lameness caused by proximal suspensory desmitis","volume":"42","author":"P G Guasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-13-12-0146","article-title":"Is anaesthesia of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve specific for the diagnosis of proximal metatarsal pain in the horse?","volume":"27","author":"G Hinnigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31819a7225","article-title":"Minimal local anesthetic volume for peripheral nerve block: a new ultrasound-guided, nerve dimension-based method","volume":"34","author":"U Eichenberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ajvr.24.03.0092","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.03.0092","article-title":"Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the plantar nerves is feasible in the horse","volume":"85","author":"A Scharf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-021-09856-6","article-title":"Diffusion of dye after perineural injection of the palmar\/plantar nerves in two different sites in horses: an ex-vivo study","volume":"46","author":"A F de Souza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and 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