{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:06:51Z","timestamp":1789427211033,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n The objectives of this study are to examine the emerging role of personalized medicine in facial plastic surgery and to consider how biologically, anatomically, and psychologically tailored approaches may refine both aesthetic and reconstructive care.<\/jats:p>\n Facial plastic surgery has traditionally relied on anatomical principles, surgical expertise, and population-based evidence. Personalized medicine represents a shift toward more individualized care by incorporating patient-specific biological and phenotypic variation into clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n Facial plastic surgery is uniquely dependent on subtle anatomical variation, soft tissue characteristics, wound healing behavior, and age-related change. These factors differ considerably between individuals and have a direct impact on both surgical planning and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n Advances in genomics, pharmacogenomics, artificial intelligence, tissue engineering, and three-dimensional modelling are expanding the scope of personalized care. These technologies may improve prediction of healing, treatment response, complication risk, and reconstructive requirements.<\/jats:p>\n Personalized medicine may support more accurate patient selection by identifying those at increased risk of adverse scarring, variable response to injectables or pharmacotherapy, or differential reconstructive needs, thereby improving counselling and expectation management.<\/jats:p>\n Potential applications include tailored incision planning, individualized facial rejuvenation strategies, personalized perioperative pharmacological regimens, and patient-specific reconstructive scaffolds, grafts, and implants.<\/jats:p>\n Postoperative management may also become more individualized through better prediction of inflammatory response, scar formation, analgesic requirements, and recovery trajectory, allowing more precise surveillance and adjunctive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n Although many applications remain investigational, continued progress in regenerative medicine, molecular profiling, and predictive analytics is likely to accelerate clinical translation. Ethical challenges relating to privacy, bias, and equitable access must, however, remain central.<\/jats:p>\n Personalized medicine has the potential to enhance precision, safety, and patient-centered care in facial plastic surgery. Its future value will depend on thoughtful integration into practice as an adjunct to, rather than a replacement for, surgical judgement and aesthetic insight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2946-5685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:58:03Z","timestamp":1789426683000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Looking to the Future: How Will Personalised Medicine Impact Facial Plastic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1925-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Scott","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Lewisham, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","place":["London"],"department":["Department of Otolaryngology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3773-1080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anil","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Lewisham, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","place":["London"],"department":["Department of Otolaryngology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181cb613d","article-title":"Appearance is a function of the face","volume":"125","author":"G L Borah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e212","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.547","article-title":"The association of anxiety disorders and depression with facial scarring: population-based, data linkage, matched cohort analysis of 358 158 patients","volume":"9","author":"J AG Gibson","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4635","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004635","article-title":"An algorithm for prevention of unsightly facial scars considering the newest research insights","volume":"10","author":"D L Feinendegen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000524990","article-title":"The emerging therapeutic targets for scar management: genetic and epigenetic landscapes","volume":"35","author":"S Amjadian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2012.39.3.184","article-title":"Keloid scarring: understanding the genetic basis, advances, and prospects","volume":"39","author":"A S Halim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2012.583","article-title":"Complications associated with alloplastic implants in rhinoplasty","volume":"14","author":"A A Winkler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17443-1","article-title":"A systematic review of skin ageing genes: gene pleiotropy and genes on the chromosomal band 16q24.3 may drive skin ageing","volume":"12","author":"J Y Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28543","article-title":"Association analyses between the variants of SNAP25, SV2C and ST3GAL2 and the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of the primary Meige syndrome","volume":"10","author":"W Q Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26674","article-title":"Update on the role of emerging stem cell technology in head and neck medicine","volume":"43","author":"H Spencer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6625","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226625","article-title":"Point-of-care virtual surgical planning and 3D printing in oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"D Osta\u0219","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06903-5","article-title":"Auricular reconstruction: where are we now? A critical literature review","volume":"279","author":"S Humphries","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13061434","article-title":"3D printing in nasal reconstruction: application-based evidence on what works, when, and why","volume":"13","author":"R Chowdhury","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70241","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70241","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in aesthetic medicine: applications, challenges, and future directions","volume":"24","author":"M S Al-Dhubaibi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11040109","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in plastic surgery: advancements, applications, and future","volume":"11","author":"T V Duong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"7624","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/538161a","article-title":"Genomics is failing on diversity","volume":"538","author":"A B Popejoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2946-5685.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:58:06Z","timestamp":1789426686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2946-5685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2946-5685","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]}}}