{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:42:05Z","timestamp":1792194125498,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infectious diarrhea. Despite high initial response rates to antibiotic therapy, recurrence occurs in approximately 20% of patients. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an effective treatment option for multiple recurrences, demonstrating high efficacy and a favorable safety profile. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of FMT in patients with recurrent CDI (rCDI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this single-center retrospective study, 75 patients who underwent FMT for rCDI between November 2016 and January 2026 after experiencing at least two recurrences despite standard antibiotic therapy were included. Donor screening was performed according to the requirements of the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). Following CDI-directed antibiotic pretreatment, FMT was administered either by colonoscopy, oral capsules, or a combination of both. Patients were followed for three months. The primary endpoint was the absence of diarrhea as a surrogate marker for rCDI, including a predefined subgroup analysis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Follow-up data were available for 65 patients, of whom 56 (86.1%) achieved sustained clinical remission. Patients with concomitant IBD (n=15) showed a comparable response rate (86.7%). The route of FMT administration had no significant impact on treatment outcome. Overall, FMT was well tolerated, with only four patients (5.3%) reporting predominantly self-limiting adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>FMT is a highly effective and safe treatment for recurrent CDI, including in multimorbid patients and those with concomitant IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2954-8029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:13:23Z","timestamp":1792192403000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fecal Microbiota Transfer for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Stallmach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Guse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Katzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp A.","family":"Reuken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finja","family":"Knafla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Thon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Institute of Medical Microbiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kiehntopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drilon","family":"Haziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6167-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arndt","family":"Steube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena University Hospital, Germany","place":["Jena"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1403772","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"372","author":"DA Leffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00674-0","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Clostridioides difficile asymptomatic colonization prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"D De-la-Rosa-Martinez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-10-200611210-00008","article-title":"Narrative review: the new epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated enteric disease","volume":"145","author":"JG Bartlett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern 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Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05839.x","article-title":"Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease","volume":"97","author":"LV McFarland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08096-0","article-title":"The burden of CDI in the United States: a multifactorial challenge","volume":"23","author":"P Feuerstadt","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.07.008","article-title":"Clostridioides difficile infection-associated cause-specific and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study","volume":"29","author":"A Boven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100642","article-title":"Faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29\/30","author":"SMD Baunwall","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.98","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms of faecal microbiota transplantation","volume":"13","author":"A Khoruts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.019","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Superior to Fidaxomicin for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection","volume":"156","author":"CL Hvas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16148","article-title":"Systematic review: the global incidence of faecal microbiota transplantation-related adverse events from 2000 to 2020","volume":"53","author":"C Marcella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161174","article-title":"Systematic Review: Adverse Events of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation","volume":"11","author":"S Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0031","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transfer","volume":"117","author":"A Stallmach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5","article-title":"Validation of a combined 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faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"46","author":"MN Quraishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268825000202","article-title":"Epidemiologic profile of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"NA Alvarez-Villalobos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071315","article-title":"Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"10","author":"LE Del Vecchio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa283","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes 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Gastroenterologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2954-8029.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:13:24Z","timestamp":1792192404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2954-8029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2954-8029","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-2771","1439-7803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0044-2771","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}}}