{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:58:52Z","timestamp":1790639932680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports Med Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic differences influence drug\n                    responses, offering a safer and more effective prescribing model. While\n                    pharmacogenomics is well-established in specialties such as oncology and\n                    psychiatry, its application in sports medicine remains limited. Athletes\n                    frequently use medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,\n                    opioids, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and these medications have\n                    well-documented gene\u2013drug interactions. This review explores pharmacogenomics\n                    considerations for these commonly used substances in athletic populations,\n                    emphasizing how genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes, including\n                    CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19, can impact medication efficacy and side effect\n                    risks. We summarize current evidence, highlight clinical guidelines, and outline\n                    how pharmacogenomics-guided prescribing could improve athlete care. By\n                    integrating pharmacogenomics into sports medicine, clinicians can tailor\n                    medication strategies to each athlete\u2019s genetic profile, supporting both health\n                    and performance. Broader adoption will require increased clinician education,\n                    interdisciplinary collaboration, and research specific to athletic populations,\n                    but pharmacogenomics offers a promising tool for advancing individualized,\n                    precision-based athlete healthcare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2957-1103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:20:42Z","timestamp":1790637642000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Unlocking Performance: Pharmacogenomic Insights for\n                    Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0424-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristal S.","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larkin University College of Pharmacy, Florida, United States","place":["Miami"],"department":["Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Beal-Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Pharmacy Network, Florida, United States","place":["Parkland"],"department":["Clinical Research"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Luaces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larkin University College of Pharmacy, Florida, United States","place":["Miami"],"department":["Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larkin University College of Pharmacy, Florida, United States","place":["Miami"],"department":["Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anam F.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larkin University College of Pharmacy, Florida, United States","place":["Miami"],"department":["Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Pharmacy Network, Florida, United States","place":["Parkland"],"department":["Clinical Research"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.09.001","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics: precision medicine and drug response","volume":"92","author":"R M Weinshilboum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2016.87","article-title":"Standardizing terms for clinical pharmacogenetic test results: consensus terms\n                    from the Clinical 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