{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:55:00Z","timestamp":1790812500201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Young athletes are uniquely susceptible to overuse injuries of the upper extremity because their open physes and apophyses are structurally weaker than adjacent bone, ligament, and tendon. Repetitive sport-specific loading\u2014torsional stress in throwers, axial compression in gymnasts and climbers\u2014can outpace the repair capacity of growing tissues, producing a spectrum of physeal and apophyseal stress injuries from widening and sclerosis to frank epiphysiolysis. This review examines the mechanisms, clinical presentation, and imaging findings of chronic overuse injuries at key upper extremity sites, including the proximal humeral physis (Little Leaguer\u2019s shoulder), glenoid and coracoid, acromion, medial epicondyle (Little Leaguer\u2019s elbow), capitellum, olecranon, distal radius (gymnast\u2019s wrist), and finger phalanges of adolescent climbers. Emphasis is placed on MRI for early detection, differentiation from normal developmental variants, and guidance of management to prevent growth disturbance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2962-3059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:05:51Z","timestamp":1790809551000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic Overuse Injuries in Young Athletes\u2014Upper Extremity"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0911-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilo","family":"Perdomo-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Department of Radiology and Imaging"]},{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Department of Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9571-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Department of Radiology and Imaging"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738117690847","article-title":"Overuse physeal injuries in youth athletes","volume":"9","author":"A Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0887","article-title":"Overuse injuries, overtraining, and burnout in child and adolescent athletes","volume":"119","author":"J S 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