{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:52:36Z","timestamp":1792785156915,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","funder":[{"name":"European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05d7nzm42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided techniques are increasingly applied in hepatology, including for tissue acquisition, vascular access, pressure measurement, and selected therapeutic interventions. However, adoption remains heterogeneous because of variability in technical approaches, devices, outcome definitions, operator expertise, and the quality of available evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical and Technology Review summarizes the current evidence on selected EUS-guided techniques in liver disease and portal hypertension, including liver stiffness assessment, focal liver lesion characterization and sampling, EUS-guided liver biopsy, EUS-guided portal pressure gradient measurement, therapy for gastric varices, and portal vein sampling for liquid biopsy applications. Evidence was identified through a structured literature search up to April 2026, and recommendation statements were graded using the GRADE framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Eight ESGE statements were developed. The available evidence supports selected use of EUS-guided shear wave elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS as adjunctive techniques; EUS-guided liver biopsy and EUS-guided portal pressure gradient measurement as complementary approaches in selected patients and expert centers; and EUS-guided treatment of gastric varices as a valid alternative to direct endoscopic injection where appropriate expertise is available. Portal vein sampling remains investigational. Across the indications, the evidence base is limited by small studies, heterogeneous techniques, variable outcome definitions, and limited prospective comparative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review provides an evidence-based framework for the selective use of EUS-guided techniques in hepatology and portal hypertension. Wider adoption will require standardized techniques, structured training, consistent outcome definitions, and prospective comparative studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2964-7886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:45:17Z","timestamp":1792709117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoscopic ultrasound in hepatology: A European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical and Technology Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Italy","place":["Forli-Cesena"],"department":["Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit"]},{"name":"University of Bologna, Italy","place":["Bologna"],"department":["Department of Medical Sciences and Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna, Italy","place":["Forli-Cesena"],"department":["Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Iglesias Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain","place":["Santiago de Compostela"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8791-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS ISMETT-UPMC Italy, Italy","place":["Palermo"],"department":["Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Larghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Italy","place":["Rome"],"department":["Digestive Endoscopy Unit"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Laleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium","place":["Leuven"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders and Liver Transplantation"]},{"name":"University Clinic M\u00fcnster, Germany","place":["M\u00fcnster"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine B"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6692-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo Giorgio","family":"Arcidiacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Italy","place":["Milan"],"department":["Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Pancreatobiliary and Endosonography Division"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Hernandez-Gea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBEREHD, AGAUR Barcelona University, Spain","place":["Barcelona"],"department":["Liver Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona, Liver Disease & the Vascular System (LiVas), - 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