{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:49:48Z","timestamp":1792104588902,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acetazolamide is recommended for the prevention of acute mountain sickness, but\n                    its effects on endurance performance at prophylactic doses remain unclear.\n                    Twelve male physical education students completed a randomized, double-blind,\n                    placebo-controlled crossover trial with a 1-week washout. Acetazolamide was\n                    administered as three 125-mg doses within 24 hours before testing. Following 30\n                    minutes of seated normobaric hypoxia (FiO2=0.13; ~3,800 m simulated\n                    altitude), participants performed constant-load cycling at 60% of peak power\n                    output under normobaric hypoxia until exhaustion. Time to exhaustion and mean\n                    rating of perceived exertion were analyzed using linear mixed models accounting\n                    for treatment, period, and sequence. Time to exhaustion was lower with\n                    acetazolamide than with placebo (249.6\u00b136.2 vs. 364.7\u00b171.8 s;\n                    p&lt;0.001). Mean rating of perceived exertion was higher with\n                    acetazolamide (14.50\u00b11.64 vs. 11.81\u00b11.57; p=0.002). Peripheral oxygen\n                    saturation was higher with acetazolamide during resting hypoxia, exercise, and\n                    at exhaustion (all p\u22640.001), whereas the heart rate was higher with\n                    acetazolamide only during exercise (p=0.049). No period or sequence\n                    effects were detected for time to exhaustion or perceived exertion.\n                    Acetazolamide reduced endurance performance and increased early perceived\n                    exertion despite higher peripheral oxygen saturation during acute normobaric\n                    hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2972-5318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:33:13Z","timestamp":1792103593000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acetazolamide Reduces Endurance Despite Higher Oxygen Saturation in\n                    Normobaric Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi University, Iran","place":["Kermanshah"],"department":["Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise\n                    Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4560-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Tadibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi University, Iran","place":["Kermanshah"],"department":["Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise\n                    Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2647-2236","article-title":"Hypoxia impairs neuromuscular function more than heat after incremental test to\n                    exhaustion","volume":"46","author":"Z Geng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104260","article-title":"Biomarkers and potential subtypes of acute mountain sickness: a\n                    state-of-the-science review","volume":"95","author":"J Burtscher","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1214870","article-title":"Clinical practice: acute high-altitude illnesses","volume":"368","author":"P B\u00e4rtsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2023.05.013","article-title":"Wilderness medical society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention,\n                    diagnosis, and treatment of acute altitude illness: 2024 update","volume":"35","author":"A M Luks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2006.7.17","article-title":"Acetazolamide 125 mg BD is not significantly different from 375 mg BD in the\n                    prevention of acute mountain sickness: the prophylactic acetazolamide dosage\n                    comparison for efficacy (PACE) trial","volume":"7","author":"B Basnyat","year":"2006","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1089\/152702903321488979","article-title":"Efficacy of low-dose acetazolamide (125 mg BID) for the prophylaxis of acute\n                    mountain sickness: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled\n                    trial","volume":"4","author":"B Basnyat","year":"2003","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01572.2005","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of acetazolamide in the prophylaxis and treatment of acute\n                    mountain sickness","volume":"102","author":"D E Leaf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00746.2001","article-title":"Acetazolamide reduces exercise capacity and increases leg fatigue under hypoxic\n                    conditions","volume":"94","author":"L A Garske","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2014.04.003","article-title":"Exercise limitation of acetazolamide at altitude (3459 m)","volume":"25","author":"A R Bradwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00589.2024","article-title":"Effects of two carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on exercise performance in acute\n                    hypoxia","volume":"137","author":"J-C Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00655.2019","article-title":"Acetazolamide does not alter endurance exercise performance at 3,500-m\n                    altitude","volume":"128","author":"K E Bradbury","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050233","article-title":"Effect of acetazolamide on leg endurance exercise at sea level and simulated\n                    altitude","volume":"110","author":"C S Fulco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000302","article-title":"Acetazolamide reduces exercise capacity following a 5-day ascent to 4559 m in a\n                    randomised study","volume":"4","author":"A R Bradwell","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2022.0134","article-title":"The impact of acetazolamide and methazolamide on exercise performance in\n                    normoxia and hypoxia","volume":"24","author":"C J Doherty","year":"2023","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284767","article-title":"The normal distribution of the hypoxic ventilatory response and methodological\n                    impacts: a meta-analysis and computational investigation","volume":"601","author":"B Oeung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00706.2022","article-title":"Identification of maximal steady-state metabolic rate by the change in muscle\n                    oxygen saturation","volume":"134","author":"I R Matthews","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000122076.21804.10","article-title":"Influence of testing protocol on ventilatory thresholds and cycling\n                    performance","volume":"36","author":"M Amann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2003.10.016","article-title":"Assessment of blinding in clinical trials","volume":"25","author":"H Bang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00180.2007","article-title":"Effects of acetazolamide on aerobic exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics\n                    at high altitudes","volume":"103","author":"V Faoro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.120949","article-title":"Effect of acetazolamide on pulmonary and muscle gas exchange during normoxic and\n                    hypoxic exercise","volume":"579","author":"A M Jonk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00256.2018","article-title":"Effect of acetazolamide and methazolamide on diaphragm and dorsiflexor fatigue:\n                    a randomized controlled trial","volume":"125","author":"P B Dominelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports 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