{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:37:58Z","timestamp":1792712278258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the association of single- and\n                    multi-parameter models based on short-distance front crawl dash (i.e., 400\n                        [T400] and 50 [T50] meters [m]) and critical speed\n                    (CS) with long-distance performance in talented swimmers. T400 and\n                        T50 of 26 women and 22 men (15.6\u00b11.6 y) were tested in a\n                    controlled setting and used to compute critical speed. Associations between\n                    long-distance swimming performance of 800 and 1,500 m events and critical speed,\n                        T400, or T50 were examined, using single- (separate\n                    simple linear regressions) and multi- (multiple linear regressions with a\n                    cluster-robust standard error) parameter models. Multi-parameter models\u2019\n                    predictors (age, sex, D\u2032, and rate of perceived exertion after 50 and 400\n                    m) were selected using the backward-elimination procedure. Critical speed and\n                        T400 showed the greatest explanatory capacity in single-parameter\n                    models in both 800 (critical speed: adjusted R\n               2=0.802;\n                        T400: adjusted R\n               2=0.796; T50:\n                    adjusted R\n               2=0.383) and 1,500 m performance (critical speed:\n                    adjusted R\n               2=0.807; T400: adjusted\n                        R\n               2=0.805; T50: adjusted\n                    R\n               2=0.454). Multi-parameter models showed a similar model fit\n                    for both 800 (critical speed: adjusted R\n               2=0.807;\n                        T400: adjusted R\n               2=0.801; T50:\n                    adjusted R\n               2=0.802) and 1,500 m (critical speed: adjusted\n                        R\n               2=0.808; T400: adjusted\n                    R\n               2=0.804; T50: adjusted R\n               2=0.805)\n                    performance. Multi-parameter models offered little improvement over\n                    single-parameter models (800 m: \u0394adjusted R\n               2=0.005; 1,500 m:\n                    \u0394adjusted R\n               2=0.001), suggesting that critical speed or\n                        T400 alone may provide a practical and non-invasive tool for\n                    estimating long-distance swimming performance in talented athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2974-6165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:40:12Z","timestamp":1791416412000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship Between Critical Speed and Long-Distance Swimming\n                    Performance: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Twan H.M.","family":"Zwetsloot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical \ufeffCenter Groningen, University of\n                    Groningen, The Netherlands","place":["Groningen"],"department":["Department of Human Movement Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Micheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy","place":["Urbino"],"department":["Department of Biomolecular Sciences \u2013 Division of Exercise and Health\n                    Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"van Diepen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical \ufeffCenter Groningen, University of\n                    Groningen, The Netherlands","place":["Groningen"],"department":["Department of Human Movement Sciences"]},{"name":"Innosportlab de Tongelreep, The Netherlands","place":["Eindhoven"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marije T","family":"Elferink-Gemser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical \ufeffCenter Groningen, University of\n                    Groningen, The Netherlands","place":["Groningen"],"department":["Department of Human Movement Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6866-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Ferri Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical \ufeffCenter Groningen, University of\n                    Groningen, The Netherlands","place":["Groningen"],"department":["Department of Human Movement Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199901000-00024","article-title":"Interval training at VO2max: effects on aerobic performance and\n                    overtraining markers","volume":"31","author":"V L Billat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med 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Bishop","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000613","article-title":"Exercise intensity thresholds: identifying the boundaries of sustainable\n                    performance","volume":"47","author":"D A Keir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2021.12.009","article-title":"Comparison of the critical power estimated by the best fit method and the\n                    maximal lactate steady state","volume":"38","author":"H As","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci & Sports"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02075-4","article-title":"Critical power and maximal lactate steady state in cycling: \u201cWatts\u201d the\n                    difference?","volume":"54","author":"K 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