{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:41:13Z","timestamp":1792453273797,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the increasing representation of women in medical schools, surgical\n                        specialties, particularly hand surgery, remain male-dominated. Gender\n                        disparities persist across multiple career stages, with women\n                        underrepresented in leadership positions within national and international\n                        hand surgery societies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current\n                        landscape of women leadership in national and international hand surgery\n                        societies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In December 2024, an internet search was conducted to identify hand surgery\n                        societies with publicly available leadership data. The proportion of female\n                        leaders in each society was calculated to evaluate gender\n                        representation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Among 51 national societies across six continents and three international\n                        federations (Asia Pacific Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand,\n                        Federation of European Societies for Surgery of the Hand, and International\n                        Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand), women held 22% of\n                        international and 20% of national leadership roles. Regional female\n                        representation was highest in Oceania (44%) and lowest in North America\n                        (7%). Twelve societies had no female leaders, while one was entirely led by\n                        women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Substantial gender disparity persists globally in hand society leadership.\n                        Targeted efforts to enhance transparency, mentorship, and systemic change\n                        should be implemented or expanded to foster inclusive leadership\n                        environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2977-0759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:08:29Z","timestamp":1792451309000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender Inequality in Hand Society Leadership\n                    Worldwide"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Tickal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School\n                    of Medicine, Alabama, United States","place":["Birmingham"],"department":["Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School\n                    of Medicine, Alabama, United States","place":["Birmingham"],"department":["Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School\n                    of Medicine, Alabama, United States","place":["Birmingham"],"department":["Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaMiah","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School\n                    of Medicine, Alabama, United States","place":["Birmingham"],"department":["Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faraji","family":"Woodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School\n                    of Medicine, Alabama, United States","place":["Birmingham"],"department":["Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9092-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronit","family":"Wollstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School\n                    of Medicine, Alabama, United States","place":["Birmingham"],"department":["Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2109411","article-title":"Diversity of the National medical student body","volume":"385","author":"D B Morris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reply. 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Saadoun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.07.007","article-title":"The importance of a diverse specialty: introducing the STS workforce on\n                    diversity and inclusion","volume":"108","author":"D T Cooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.05.031","article-title":"A quantitative analysis investigating the prevalence of \u201cManels\u201d in major\n                    urology meetings","volume":"80","author":"J Y Teoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajmo.2025.100102","article-title":"Institutional accountability for developing the next generation of faculty\n                    leaders","volume":"14","author":"J Loewen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Med Open"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.03.027","article-title":"Assessing and addressing gender gaps in the American Society for Surgery of the\n                    hand","volume":"47","author":"R Letchinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447241235341","article-title":"Diversity in hand surgery leadership: the impact of mentorship and bias","volume":"20","author":"D A Bourne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2147\/JHL.S499001","article-title":"Becoming leaders \u2013 a qualitative research study on the priorities and concerns\n                    of early career women faculty in academic medicine","volume":"16","author":"O Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Healthc Leadersh"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447251324664","article-title":"Decade-long examination of gender disparities in session and speaker roles at\n                    hand surgery conferences","volume":"21","author":"C C Krasnoff","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-016-0175-y","article-title":"Closing the gender leadership gap: a multi-centre cross-country comparison of\n                    women in management and leadership in academic health centres in the European\n                    Union","volume":"15","author":"E Kuhlmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.12.015","article-title":"Evaluating the role of mentorship in career advancement: a survey of women in\n                    academic hand 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ISAKOS"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009040","article-title":"Uneven progress in gender equality at plastic surgery conferences: lessons from\n                    a decade of meetings","volume":"149","author":"D E Bregman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001359","article-title":"Are women proportionately represented as speakers at orthopaedic surgery annual\n                    meetings? 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Women surgeons: challenges; role models; leadership","volume":"100","author":"D B Hoyt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4827-y","article-title":"Where are the women in orthopaedic surgery?","volume":"474","author":"R S Rohde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.11.006","article-title":"Moving the needle: directed intervention by the American Society for Surgery of\n                    the hand is effective in encouraging diversity in expert panel composition","volume":"4","author":"L E Wessel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2024.07.006","article-title":"The impact of leadership in gender diversity of annual meeting speakers in the\n                    American Society for Surgery of the Hand","volume":"7","author":"M Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"}],"container-title":["Handchirurgie \u00b7 Mikrochirurgie \u00b7 Plastische Chirurgie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2977-0759.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:08:30Z","timestamp":1792451310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2977-0759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2977-0759","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0722-1819","1439-3980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0722-1819","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]}}}