{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:38:39Z","timestamp":1792625919335,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Tracheal resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis is the definitive treatment for benign tracheal stenosis, yet anastomotic complications remain clinically important, and their risk markers are incompletely defined. We evaluated patient- and surgery-related variables associated with anastomotic outcomes and described these associations in primary versus surgically altered operative fields.<\/jats:p>\n This retrospective single-center cohort study included all consecutive adults undergoing tracheal resection for benign tracheal stenosis between 2007 and 2024. Sixty-nine patients were included, and 18 stenoses were critical at diagnosis. Operative fields were predefined as primary when no prior airway intervention and no pre-resection restenosis were present and as surgically altered otherwise. Anastomotic complications were classified as severe when requiring airway securing under general anesthesia and as mild when requiring prolonged or repeated hospitalization with bronchoscopic intervention only. Clinically significant granulation was analyzed as a distinct phenotype. Univariable associations were assessed using Firth logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n Segmental resection was associated with lower odds of severe complications than cricotracheal resection (OR 0.2, p\u2009=\u20090.046). Mild complications were associated with prior T-tube insertion (OR 12.8, p\u2009=\u20090.002) and pre-resection restenosis (OR 15.2, p\u2009=\u20090.004). Granulation was associated with pre-resection restenosis (OR 27.0, p\u2009<\u20090.001) and prior T-tube insertion (OR 8.5, p\u2009=\u20090.008).<\/jats:p>\n Analyses suggested that severe complications were mostly associated with resection type, whereas mild complications and granulation were associated mainly with previous T-tube treatment and pre-resection restenosis, especially in surgically altered operative fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2979-4424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:53:35Z","timestamp":1792623215000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Markers for Anastomotic Complications After Tracheal Resection for Benign Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4164-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozef","family":"Muri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Slovakia","place":["Vy\u0161n\u00e9 H\u00e1gy"],"department":["Thoracic Surgery Center"]},{"name":"University of Ostrava, Czech Republic","place":["Ostrava"],"department":["Department of Anatomy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Durcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Slovakia","place":["Vy\u0161n\u00e9 H\u00e1gy"],"department":["Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janka","family":"Vecanov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University, Slovakia","place":["Ko\u0161ice"],"department":["Department of Anatomy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"\u0160karda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic","place":["Ostrava"],"department":["Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Makovick\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ostrava, Czech Republic","place":["Ostrava"],"department":["Department of Histology and Embryology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Na\u010fo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"StatBio Consulting s.r.o, Slovakia","place":["Vrchslatina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3359(03)00002-4","article-title":"The history of tracheal surgery","volume":"13","author":"H C Grillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest Surg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.07.005","article-title":"Anastomotic complications after tracheal resection: prognostic factors and management","volume":"128","author":"C D Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3575-z","article-title":"Predicting outcome in tracheal and cricotracheal segmental resection","volume":"272","author":"G Nakache","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300410","article-title":"Proposed grading system for subglottic stenosis based on endotracheal tube sizes","volume":"103","author":"C M Myer III","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2025.10.026","article-title":"Complications following airway resections: insights from a large contemporary multi-institutional cohort","volume":"171","author":"O Mercier","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ezae330","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae330","article-title":"Tracheal resection and anastomosis in postintubation tracheal stenosis: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"P \u00c1lvarez-Maldonado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ezae105","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae105","article-title":"The impact of previous endoscopic treatments on functional outcome after cricotracheal resection","volume":"65","author":"M Evermann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref10","first-page":"S160","article-title":"Complications after tracheal resection and reconstruction: prevention and treatment","volume":"8","author":"H G Auchincloss","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.05.050","article-title":"Postintubation tracheal stenosis: management and results 1993 to 2017","volume":"108","author":"C D Wright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2025.10.015","article-title":"Comparison of continuous and interrupted sutures in tracheal resection and anastomosis: a cohort study with propensity score matching","volume":"171","author":"A A Dezfouli","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(99)70247-3","article-title":"Tracheobronchial sleeve resection with the use of a continuous anastomosis: results of one hundred consecutive cases","volume":"117","author":"C A Kutlu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818757723","article-title":"Initial load stability of different trachea suture techniques: tests on an ex vivo model","volume":"158","author":"A Kirschbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4998","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31652","article-title":"Tracheal anastomosis leaks across suture techniques and tensions: a biomechanical ex vivo study","volume":"134","author":"A Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ezaf358","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaf358","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of postintubation or posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis including tracheoesophageal fistulas: a single-centre experience in 519 consecutive cases","volume":"67","author":"M T Pawlica","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27079","article-title":"Laryngotracheal stenosis: mechanistic review","volume":"44","author":"D J Carpenter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"159","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200218","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0218-2020","article-title":"Post-intubation subglottic stenosis: aetiology at the cellular and molecular level","volume":"30","author":"E R Dorris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e186263","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.186263","article-title":"Orchestrated response from heterogenous fibroblast subsets contributes to repair from surgery-induced stress after airway reconstruction","volume":"10","author":"J Calyeca","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.03.019","article-title":"Predictors for postoperative complications after tracheal resection","volume":"98","author":"B J Bibas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13d32.x","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approach to management of postintubation tracheal stenoses","volume":"13","author":"A Brichet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.2800","article-title":"Serial in-office intralesional steroid injections in airway stenosis","volume":"144","author":"C Bertelsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2979-4424.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:53:38Z","timestamp":1792623218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2979-4424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2979-4424","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-6425","1439-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-6425","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]}}}