{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:14:22Z","timestamp":1781086462544,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]],"date-time":"2013-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"\n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the ability of spine surgeons to distinguish C8\u2013T1 radiculopathies from ulnar neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-four self-rated \u201cexperienced\u201d cervical spine surgeons completed a questionnaire with the following items. (1) If the ulnar nerve is cut at the elbow, which of the following would be numb: ulnar forearm, small and ring fingers; only the ulnar forearm; only the small and ring fingers; or none of the above? (2) Which of the following muscles are weak with C8\u2013T1 radiculopathies but intact with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: flexor digiti minimi brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, opponens digiti minimi, opponens pollicis, medial lumbricals, lateral lumbricals, dorsal interossei, palmar interossei?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Fifteen of 24 surgeons (63%) correctly answered the first question\u2014that severing the ulnar nerve results in numbness of the fifth and fourth fingers. None correctly identified all four nonulnar, C8\u2013T1-innervated options in the second question without naming additional muscles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The ulnar nerve provides sensation to the fourth and fifth fingers and medial border of the hand. The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve provides sensation to the medial forearm. The ulnar nerve innervates all intrinsic hand muscles, except the abductor and flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and lateral two lumbricals, which are innervated by C8 and T1 via the median nerve. By examining these five muscles, one can clinically differentiate cubital tunnel syndrome from C8\u2013T1 radiculopathies. Although all participants considered themselves to be experienced cervical spine surgeons, this study reveals inadequate knowledge regarding the clinical manifestations of C8\u2013T1 radiculopathies and cubital tunnel syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1354254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]],"date-time":"2013-08-28T18:42:34Z","timestamp":1377715354000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Differentiating C8\u2013T1 Radiculopathy from Ulnar Neuropathy: A Survey of 24 Spine Surgeons"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey E.","family":"Stoker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cervical Spine Service, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Jo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cervical Spine Service, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Daniel","family":"Riew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cervical Spine Service, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.2.325"},{"key":"bibr2-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880111102"},{"key":"bibr3-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200711000-00006"},{"key":"bibr4-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153"},{"key":"bibr5-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200706000-00026"},{"key":"bibr6-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200708000-00005"},{"key":"bibr7-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690220131741"},{"key":"bibr8-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.2.329"},{"key":"bibr9-s-0033-1354254","first-page":"33","volume":"81","author":"Eubanks J D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr10-s-0033-1354254","unstructured":"American Spinal Injury Association. International standards for the classification of spinal cord injury. Motor exam guide. June 2008 Available at: http:\/\/www.asia-spinalinjury.org. Accessed June 14, 2012"},{"key":"bibr11-s-0033-1354254","unstructured":"Professional Health Systems Inc. Wrist\/hand regional examination. 2005 Available at: http:\/\/www.prohealthsys.com\/physical\/pdfs\/Wrist_hand_exam.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2012"},{"key":"bibr12-s-0033-1354254","unstructured":"Taylor L P Lemming S E Neck and back pain In: Martin R A Bauer D Moquist D C, eds. Family Practice Curriculum in Neurology. 2nd ed. American Academy of Neurology Available at: http:\/\/www.aan.com\/uploadedfiles\/website_library_assets\/documents\/9.careers\/1.job_seekers\/family%20practice%20curriculum.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2012"},{"key":"bibr13-s-0033-1354254","unstructured":"Upper limb In: Moore K L Dalley A F Agur A MR, eds. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 6th ed Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2006 671\u2013819"},{"key":"bibr14-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150507"},{"key":"bibr15-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01627703"},{"key":"bibr16-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20110526-14"},{"key":"bibr17-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200303000-00027"},{"key":"bibr18-s-0033-1354254","unstructured":"The burden of musculoskeletal disease in the United States: prevalence, societal and economic cost Available at: http:\/\/www.boneandjointburden.org. Accessed June 7, 2012"},{"key":"bibr19-s-0033-1354254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409347500"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0033-1354254","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1055\/s-0033-1354254","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0033-1354254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:14:40Z","timestamp":1777446880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1055\/s-0033-1354254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1055\/s-0033-1354254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1354254","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]]}}}