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The topography of the different midface regions (central midface\u2014upper central midface, intermediate central midface, lower central midface\u2014incorporating the naso-orbito-ethmoid region; lateral midface\u2014zygoma and zygomatic arch, palate) is subdivided in much greater detail than in level 2 going beyond the Le Fort fracture types and its analogs. The level 3 midface classification system is presented along with guidelines to precisely delineate the fracture patterns in these specific subregions. It is easy to plot common fracture entities, such as nasal and naso-orbito-ethmoid, and their variants due to the refined structural layout of the subregions. As a key attribute, this focused approach permits to document the occurrence of fragmentation (i.e., single vs. multiple fracture lines), displacement, and bone loss. Moreover, the preinjury dental state and the degree of alveolar atrophy in edentulous maxillary regions can be recorded. On the basis of these individual features, tooth injuries, periodontal trauma, and fracture involvement of the alveolar process can be assessed. Coding rules are given to set up a distinctive formula for typical midface fractures and their combinations. The instructions and illustrations are elucidated by a series of radiographic imaging examples. A critical appraisal of the design of this level 3 midface classification is made.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T18:35:49Z","timestamp":1416594949000},"page":"68-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 3 Tutorial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Carl-Peter","family":"Cornelius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Audig\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AO Clinical Investigation and Documentation, AO Foundation, D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research and Development Department, 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