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Current methods of repair and reconstruction include rigid fixation, grafting, and free tissue transfer. However, these methods carry innate complications, including plate extrusion, nonunion, graft\/flap failure, and donor site morbidity. Recent research efforts have focused on using stem cells and synthetic scaffolds to heal critical-sized bone defects similar to those sustained from traumatic injury or ablative oncologic surgery. Growth factors can be used to augment both osteogenesis and neovascularization across these defects. Many different growth factor delivery techniques and scaffold compositions have been explored yet none have emerged as the universally accepted standard. In this review, we will discuss the recent literature regarding the use of stem cells, growth factors, and synthetic scaffolds as alternative methods of craniofacial fracture repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1393724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,18]],"date-time":"2014-11-18T23:41:24Z","timestamp":1416354084000},"page":"23-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Current Concepts of Bone Tissue Engineering for Craniofacial Bone Defect Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"BrianAlan","family":"Fishero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head 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