{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:49:43Z","timestamp":1792108183639,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many critically ill patients receive heparin, either before intensive care unit (ICU) admission (e.g., postcardiac surgery), for prophylaxis\/treatment of thrombosis, for hemodialysis\/filtration, or even incidentally (e.g., flushing of intravascular catheters), and are therefore at risk for developing immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a prothrombotic drug reaction caused by platelet-activating antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4)\/heparin antibodies. However, HIT explains at most 1 in 100 thrombocytopenic ICU patients (HIT frequency 0.3\u20130.5% vs. 30\u201350% background frequency of ICU-associated thrombocytopenia), and most patients who form anti-PF4\/heparin antibodies do not develop HIT; hence, HIT overdiagnosis often occurs. This review discusses HIT-related issues relevant to ICU patients, including how to (1) distinguish HIT both clinically and serologically from non-HIT\u2013related thrombocytopenia; (2) recognize HIT-mimicking disorders, such as the acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)\/liver necrosis-limb necrosis syndrome; (3) prevent HIT in the ICU through use of low-molecular-weight heparin; and (4) treat HIT, including awareness of \u201cPTT confounding\u201d when anticoagulating patients with DIC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T18:38:48Z","timestamp":1421347128000},"page":"049-060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Theodore","family":"Warkentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]]},"container-title":["Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0034-1398381.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T13:19:40Z","timestamp":1557148780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0034-1398381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1398381","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-6176","1098-9064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-6176","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-9064","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]]}}}