{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:52:23Z","timestamp":1761519143684},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that affects between 10\u201340% of\n                    the general population in an age dependent manner. The\n                    renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure, fluid\n                    volume, and the vascular response to injury and inflammation 1. Chronic RAAS activation in the presence\n                    of sufficient sodium consumption leads to persistent hypertension, setting off a\n                    cascade of inflammatory, thrombotic, and atherogenic effects eventually leading\n                    to end-organ damage 2\n          3. Accordingly, numerous studies have\n                    demonstrated that elevated renin and\/or aldosterone levels are predictors of\n                    adverse outcome in hypertension 4, heart\n                    failure 5\n          6, myocardial infarction 7, and renal insufficiency 8 and influence insulin resistance 9. Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most\n                    common secondary form of hypertension with an estimated prevalence between 4 and\n                    12% of hypertensives 10\n          11\n          12 and 11\u201320% in patients that are resistant to combined\n                    antihypertensive medication 13\n          14. Given the severe cardiovascular\n                    adverse effects of aldosterone excess that are independent of high blood\n                    pressure levels 15\n          16\n          17\n          18 detection and treatment\n                    of PA has important impact on clinical outcome and survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1565125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:17:57Z","timestamp":1450138677000},"page":"933-934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Progress in Primary Aldosteronism: Translation on the\n                    Move"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Reincke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t\n                    M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Beuschlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t\n                    M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3317\/jraas.2006.003","article-title":"Role of angiotensin II in cardiovascular disease therapeutic implications of\n                    more than a century of research","volume":"7","author":"C M Ferrario","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200307000-00003","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: cardiorenal effects and implications\n                    for renal and cardiovascular disease states","volume":"326","author":"U C Brewster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.08.004","article-title":"The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes and its\n                    vascular complications","volume":"17","author":"M E Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033263","article-title":"Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in nonhypertensive\n                    persons","volume":"351","author":"R S Vasan","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.71.915","article-title":"Comparison of active renin concentration and plasma renin activity as a\n                    prognostic predictor in patients with heart failure","volume":"71","author":"T Tsutamoto 1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.653964","article-title":"Complementary and incremental mortality risk prediction by cortisol and\n                    aldosterone in chronic heart failure","volume":"115","author":"G G\u00fcder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634626","article-title":"High plasma aldosterone levels on admission are associated with death in\n                    patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"114","author":"F Beygui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000087842","article-title":"Renal protective effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade:\n                    from evidence-based approach to perspectives","volume":"28","author":"L Tylicki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.173344","article-title":"Aldosterone status associated with insulin resistance in patients with heart\n                    failure \u2013 data from the ALOFT study","volume":"95","author":"E M Freel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031337","article-title":"Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable\n                    forms, in centers from five continents","volume":"89","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh112","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of primary aldosteronism, aldosterone-producing\n                    adenomas, and surgically correctable aldosterone-dependent hypertension","volume":"19","author":"P F Plouin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.059","article-title":"PAPY Study Investigators. A prospective study of the prevalence of primary\n                    aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients","volume":"48","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000040261.30455.B6","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant\n                    hypertension","volume":"40","author":"D A Calhoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60834-X","article-title":"Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in resistant hypertension: a\n                    retrospective observational study","volume":"371","author":"S Douma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.015","article-title":"Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary\n                    aldosteronism","volume":"45","author":"P Milliez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.33","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism after\n                    treatment","volume":"168","author":"C Catena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.169","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal damage in primary aldosteronism: outcomes after\n                    treatment","volume":"23","author":"L A Sechi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000230444.01215.6a","article-title":"PAPY Study Participants. 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