{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:06:08Z","timestamp":1791068768185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Introduction\u2003Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is defined as transitory ischemia of the vertebrobasilar circulation. Dizziness, vertigo, headaches, vomit, diplopia, blindness, ataxia, imbalance, and weakness in both sides of the body are the most common symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003To review the literature regarding the three available diagnostic testing in patients with dizziness complaints secondary to vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI): magnetic resonance angiography; transcranial Doppler ultrasound; and vertebrobasilar deprivation testing.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Data Synthesis\u2003We selected 28 studies that complied with our selection criteria for appraisal. The most frequent cause of the hemodynamic changes leading to VBI is atherosclerosis. The main clinical symptoms are dizziness, vertigo, headaches, vomit, diplopia, blindness, ataxia, imbalance, and weakness in both sides of the body. Even though arteriography is considered the most important exam to diagnose the disease, the inherent risks of this exam should be taken into consideration. The magnetic resonance angiography has been widely studied and is a good method to identify and localize any occlusions and stenosis in both neck and intracranial great vessels.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Each patient with a suspected diagnosis of VBI should be individually evaluated and treated, taking in consideration the pros and cons of each diagnostic testing and treatment option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T22:42:21Z","timestamp":1477521741000},"page":"302-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Arlindo","family":"Lima Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Banco de Olhos de Sorocaba Hospital, Sorocaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Otoneurology, School of Medicine, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseli","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otoneurology, School of Medicine, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gattas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, USP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Bor-Seng-Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, USP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, USP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Monsanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Banco de Olhos de Sorocaba Hospital, Sorocaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, School of Engineering, USP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0036-1593448.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T18:57:29Z","timestamp":1557169049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0036-1593448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1593448","relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]}}}