{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:02:21Z","timestamp":1793642541080,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Joints"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shoulder stiffness is a condition of painful restriction of the glenohumeral range of motion. Numerous risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness have been described. This article summarizes the known aspects of the pathophysiology of shoulder stiffness, with special attention to elements of molecular biology and genetics, which could influence the risk of developing shoulder stiffness. Furthermore, the role of hormonal and metabolic factors, medical disorders, drugs, and of other published risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness is reviewed and discussed. Finally, aspects related to shoulder surgery and postoperative rehabilitation protocols, which could influence the development of postoperative stiffness are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1608951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T18:41:07Z","timestamp":1513017667000},"page":"217-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Risk Factors for Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"05","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Cucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antongiulio","family":"Marmotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"De Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemnt of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orlandi Hospital, Bussolengo, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"D'Apolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Conca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UO Ortopedia Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica\u2014Clinica II, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristella","family":"Saccomanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University, \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d University Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"de Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Biotecnologie applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"SIGASCOT Research Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]]},"container-title":["Joints"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0037-1608951.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T15:43:17Z","timestamp":1557157397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0037-1608951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1608951","relation":{},"ISSN":["2282-4324","2512-9090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2282-4324","type":"print"},{"value":"2512-9090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}