{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:16:18Z","timestamp":1790514978254,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Background\u2003Patients undergoing deep vein thrombosis (VT) have over 30% recurrence, directly increasing their risk of post-thrombotic syndrome. Current murine models of inferior vena cava (IVC) VT model host one thrombosis event.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003We aimed to develop a murine model to study IVC recurrent VT in mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Materials and Methods\u2003An initial VT was induced using the electrolytic IVC model (EIM) with constant blood flow. This approach takes advantage of the restored vein lumen 21 days after a single VT event in the EIM demonstrated by ultrasound. We then induced a second VT 21 days later, using either EIM or an IVC ligation model for comparison. The control groups were a sham surgery and, 21 days later, either EIM or IVC ligation. IVC wall and thrombus were harvested 2 days after the second insult and analysed for IVC and thrombus size, gene expression of fibrotic markers, histology for collagen and Western blot for citrullinated histone 3 (Cit-H3) and fibrin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Ultrasound confirmed the first VT and its progressive resolution with an anatomical channel allowing room for the second thrombus by day 21. As compared with a primary VT, recurrent VT has heavier walls with significant up-regulation of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2), elastin, interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), MMP2 and a thrombus with high citrullinated histone-3 and fibrin content.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Experimental recurrent thrombi are structurally and compositionally different from the primary VT, with a greater pro-fibrotic remodelling vein wall profile. This work provides a VT recurrence IVC model that will help to improve the current understanding of the biological mechanisms and directed treatment of recurrent VT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1645855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T23:22:02Z","timestamp":1524698522000},"page":"1048-1057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pre-Clinical Model to Study Recurrent Venous Thrombosis in the Inferior Vena Cava"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Andraska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Elfline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Henke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Madapoosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Hoinville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Henke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"container-title":["Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0038-1645855.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T20:38:38Z","timestamp":1557175118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0038-1645855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1645855","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6245","2567-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6245","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]}}}