{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:40:05Z","timestamp":1790613605331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gender incongruence is defined as a condition in which an individual self-identifies and desires to have physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. Gender dysphoria is when an individual displays the anxiety and\/or depression disorders that result from the incongruity between the gender identity and the biological sex. The gender affirmation process must be performed by a multidisciplinary team. The main goal of the hormone treatment is to start the development of male physical characteristics by means of testosterone administration that may be offered to transgender men who are 18 years old or over. The use of testosterone is usually well tolerated and improves the quality of life. However, there is still lack of evidence regarding the effects and risks of the long-term use of this hormone. Many different pharmacological formulations have been used in the transsexualization process. The most commonly used formulation is the intramuscular testosterone esters in a short-term release injection, followed by testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate. In the majority of testosterone therapy protocols, the male physical characteristics can be seen in almost all users after 6 months of therapy, and the maximum virilization effects are usually achieved after 3 to 5 years of regular use of the hormone. To minimize risks, plasmatic testosterone levels should be kept within male physiological ranges (300 to 1,000 ng\/dl) during hormonal treatment. It is recommended that transgender men under androgen therapy be monitored every 3 months during the 1st year of treatment and then, every 6 to 12 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1657788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T22:59:41Z","timestamp":1529362781000},"page":"275-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Recommendations for the Use of Testosterone in Male Transgender"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Laura Bregieiro Fernandes","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Japur de S\u00e1","family":"Rosa-e-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e3o Freitas de","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiab\u00e1, MT Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Prestes","family":"Nacul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital F\u00eamina, Grupo Hospitalar Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Ramalho de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonvena Reproduticve Medicine, Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Laguna","family":"Benetti-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Angerame","family":"Yela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Arantes Rosa","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Paulo, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Maria","family":"Soares J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Paulo, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e9cia Maria de 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