{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:49:42Z","timestamp":1791805782293,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Necmettin Erbakan University Press","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pediatr Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common diseases of childhood, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the predominant causative agent of chronic and recurrent OM, as well as OM for which treatment has failed. Moreover, NTHI is now as important a causative agent of acute OM as the pneumococcus. NTHI colonizes the human nasopharynx asymptomatically. However, upon perturbation of the innate and physical defenses of the airway by upper respiratory tract viral infection, NTHI can replicate, ascend the Eustachian tube, gain access to the normally sterile middle ear space, and cause disease. Bacterial biofilms within the middle ear, including those formed by NTHI, contribute to the chronic and recurrent nature of this disease. These multicomponent structures are highly resistant to clearance by host defenses and elimination by traditional antimicrobial therapies. Herein, we review several strategies utilized by NTHI to persist within the human host and interventions currently under investigation to prevent and\/or resolve NTHI-induced diseases of the middle ear and uppermost airway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1660818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]],"date-time":"2018-07-06T19:04:15Z","timestamp":1530903855000},"page":"069-078","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Biofilm Biology and Vaccine Strategies for Otitis Media Due to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae"],"prefix":"10.53391","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Novotny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Brockman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Mokrzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jurcisek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Bakaletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"31409","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]]},"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0038-1660818.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T19:39:45Z","timestamp":1758137985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0038-1660818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1660818","relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7707","1305-7693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7707","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]]}}}