{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:16:01Z","timestamp":1761293761749},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Background\u2003Perineural spread (PNS) is a marker of aggressiveness and has been shown to occur in cranial nerves due to advanced mucosal and cutaneous head and neck cancer. Receptors CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers with PNS, with the inhibition of these pathways offering a potential future treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods\u2003Retrospective immunohistochemical staining for the CXCR4 and PD-1 receptors was performed on 28 head and neck specimens that demonstrated PNS from January 2017 to August 2017, at Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003CXCR4 staining was positive in 52 and 60% of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma PNS specimens, respectively. Cutaneous SCC tumors with no PNS stained positively in 33%. No significant staining for PD-1 in peritumoral lymphocytes or tumor specimens was seen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003CXCR4 is overexpressed in advanced skin cancer and head and neck tumors that demonstrated PNS to large cranial nerves. Overall, these results provide strong support for using CXCR4 as a biomarker and further investigation of immunotherapeutic agents that could inhibit tumor progression via targeting CXCR4 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1660846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]],"date-time":"2018-06-14T23:10:33Z","timestamp":1529017833000},"page":"018-022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CXCR4 and PD-1 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer with Perineural Spread"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Sommerville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gishan","family":"Ratnayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Touraj","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]]},"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0038-1660846.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T21:18:01Z","timestamp":1557177481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0038-1660846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1660846","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-6331","2193-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-6331","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]]}}}