{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:25:07Z","timestamp":1789590307087,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective\u2003The main purpose of this study was to define criteria to systemically describe craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies and to report the prevalence of CVJ anomalies in small breed dogs with and without atlantoaxial instability (AAI).<\/jats:p>\n Materials and Methods\u2003Retrospective multicentre matched case\u2013control study evaluating magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic images of small breed dogs with and without AAI for the presence of CVJ anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n Results\u2003One hundred and twenty-two dogs were enrolled (61 with and 61 without AAI). Only dogs with AAI had dens axis anomalies such as separation (n\u2009=\u200920) or a short-rounded conformation (n\u2009=\u200935). Patients with AAI were more likely to have atlantooccipital overlapping based on transection of McRae's line by the dorsal arch of the atlas (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20095.62, p\u2009<\u20090.01), a transection of Wackenheim's clivus line (OR\u2009=\u200941.62, p\u2009<\u20090.01) and rostral indentation of the occipital bone (OR\u2009=\u20092.79, p\u2009<\u20090.05). Patients with AAI were less likely to have a larger clivus canal angle (OR\u2009=\u20090.94, p\u2009<\u20090.01) and larger occipital bone lengths (OR\u2009=\u20090.89, p\u2009<\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n Clinical Significance\u2003Small breed dogs with AAI are more likely to have other CVJ anomalies such as atlantooccipital overlapping or dens anomalies. The grade of brachycephaly does not differ between patients with and without AAI. Certain objective criteria from human literature were found useful for the assessment of both AAI and atlantooccipital overlapping such as McRae's line, Wackenheim's clivus line, and clivus canal angle. The classification criteria used can help to evaluate CVJ anomalies in a more systematic way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1675797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T10:04:06Z","timestamp":1546423446000},"page":"033-040","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies in Small Breed Dogs with Atlantoaxial Instability: A Multicentre Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Vidondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Liebefeld, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Carrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Hernandez-Guerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Tirant lo Blanc 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Moissonnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary School of Maisons Alfort, Maisons Alfort cedex, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Plessas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Veterinary Specialists Limited, Herts, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animals, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Schn\u00f6tzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierklinik Schwanenstadt, Schwanenstadt, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Forterre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Precht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Radiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Waschk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Radiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0038-1675797.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T05:30:00Z","timestamp":1547789400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0038-1675797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1675797","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]}}}