{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:21:15Z","timestamp":1792552875096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amer J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Background\u2003Bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin (BCG) scar formation is considered a visual marker of vaccination and cell-mediated immune response. This study characterized the association between pregnancy and birth characteristics with BCG scar formation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003Pregnant women were enrolled prospectively. Infants were followed up for the first 6 months of life, and the diameter of the BCG scar was recorded. Marginal models were fitted to assess the association of BCG scar diameter with pregnancy and birth characteristics using linear regressions with generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003A total of 307 infants were enrolled, of whom 19.2% (59\/307) were of low birth weight. Among those with known gestational age, 7.1% were preterm births (21\/295). Overall, 98.7% (303\/307) of infants developed a BCG scar. BCG scar trends in a tropical environment, such as the Amazon, differ from the trends evidenced in the capital of Peru. For every additional week of gestational age, the mean scar diameter increased by 0.1\u2009mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.24; p\u2009=\u20090.017). Maternal illness during pregnancy impacted BCG scar size, as the infants of mothers who self-report fever had a smaller scar diameter (1\u2009mm, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.8\u2009mm; p\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003The immune reaction to the BCG vaccination is affected by gestational age at birth and systemic inflammatory episodes during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T18:34:58Z","timestamp":1545676498000},"page":"1264-1270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolution of the Bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin Scar and Its Association with Birth and Pregnancy Characteristics in a Prospective Cohort of Infants in Iquitos, Peru"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Schiaffino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenyth O.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Paredes-Olortegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Area, Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica Prisma, Iquitos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Area, Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica Prisma, Iquitos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Penataro-Yori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Research and Development Area, Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica Prisma, Iquitos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Research and Development Area, Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica Prisma, Iquitos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret N.","family":"Kosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Research and Development Area, Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica Prisma, Iquitos, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0038-1676614.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T18:36:25Z","timestamp":1570041385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0038-1676614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1676614","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]}}}