{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:56Z","timestamp":1787004896141,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiosome of the superior and inferior labial arteries within the superior and inferior labia and to describe superior and inferior labial musculomucosal axial pattern flaps that can be used for intra-oral wound reconstruction. This study also presents the clinical use of a superior labial musculomucosal flap in a dog.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and Methods\u2003The common carotid arteries of six canine cadavers were injected with barium sulphate. The skin of the face and labial mucosa was removed and radiographed to study the vascular supply of the superior and inferior labia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003The angiograms in all dogs demonstrated that the superior and inferior labial arteries were located within the musculomucosal layer of the labia. At the junction of the rostral and caudal half of the upper lip, extensive choke anastomoses joined the angiosome of the infra-orbital artery. The inferior labial artery perfused the caudal half of the lower labium and had extensive choke anastomoses with the middle and rostral mental arteries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Significance\u2003The musculomucosal flaps of the superior and inferior labia contain a rich arterial blood supply, which suggests that these flaps may survive in live dogs. The superior labial musculomucosal flap was successfully used to reconstruct a large cleft palate in a single clinical case.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1677746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T19:03:03Z","timestamp":1549652583000},"page":"133-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of the Superior Labial Musculomucosal Flap in Dogs: An Angiographic Study and Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Degner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Animal Surgical Center of Michigan, Flint, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Animal Surgical Center of Michigan, Flint, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0039-1677746.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T22:36:37Z","timestamp":1553121397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0039-1677746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1677746","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]}}}