{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:19:52Z","timestamp":1792498792295,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knee Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellofemoral instability is a severe problem in young and active patients. This pathology is influenced by ligamentous, bony, and neuromuscular parameters. The reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) evolved to a primary procedure, but combined procedures were more frequently performed in the past years. However, additional operative procedures are associated with increased morbidity and no absolute indication can be identified in the literature. This study is intended to clarify whether addressing only ligamentous influence factors (MPFL) in chronic patellofemoral instability is sufficient to produce good clinical outcomes, or whether other risk factors influence the results negatively and should also be treated at some point. In 52 patients with chronic patellofemoral instability patellar height according to Caton-Deschamps, trochlear dysplasia according to Dejour, the leg axis, the femoral antetorsion, tibial tubercle (TT)\u2013trochlear groove, and TT\u2013posterior cruciate ligament distance were evaluated. All patients were treated with isolated MPFL reconstruction. After a minimum follow-up period of 24 months (24\u201336 months), the clinical outcome results were calculated using the scoring system according to Lysholm and Tegner. Correlation between clinical outcome scores and anatomic risk factors were calculated. The analysis was performed using a standard statistical software package (JMP version 12, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The average postoperative Lysholm score increased significantly from 57.23\u2009\u00b1\u200919.9 to 85.9\u2009\u00b1\u200917.2 points (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) after isolated MPFL reconstruction. Moreover, the Tegner and Lysholm scores significantly improved both in patients without and with different risk factors postoperative. There were no significant differences in the outcome sores between the groups. Even the degree of trochlear dysplasia (types I\u2013III) did not influence the results. Finally, there was no significant correlation found between all collected risk factors and the postoperative outcome scores. Isolated MPFL reconstruction can be an effective procedure in patients with patellofemoral instability and mild to moderate risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1688917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T23:02:20Z","timestamp":1558652540000},"page":"992-997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Can Be an Effective Procedure in Patellofemoral Instability with Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Blanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung, Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Watermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung, Augsburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Haenle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung, Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Feitenhansl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung, Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Camathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung, Augsburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515624673","article-title":"Outcomes after isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for the treatment of recurrent lateral patellar dislocations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"D K Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(02)00031-5","article-title":"Current concepts of lateral patella dislocation","volume":"21","author":"E A Arendt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2001.21490","article-title":"Results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in the treatment of patellar dislocation","volume":"17","author":"D Drez Jr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160123","article-title":"Quantitative study of the quadriceps muscles and trochlear groove geometry related to instability of the patellofemoral joint","volume":"16","author":"F Farahmand","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B4.14768","article-title":"The effects of articular, retinacular, or muscular deficiencies on patellofemoral joint stability: a biomechanical study in vitro","volume":"87","author":"W Senavongse","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.12.005","article-title":"Conservative versus surgical treatment for repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament in acute dislocations of the patella","volume":"25","author":"G L Camanho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"171","key":"ref7","first-page":"131","article-title":"Conservative treatment of patellar dislocations. 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