{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:52:14Z","timestamp":1793724734438,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knee Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weight-bearing long-leg radiographs are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. Measured parameters, however, change when radiographs are conducted in different rotational positions of the leg. It was hypothesized that rotational errors are regularly present in long-leg radiographs resulting in wrong measurements. In 100 consecutive long-leg radiographs conducted according to the method of Paley, rotation was assessed by fibular overlap. Angular parameters in radiographs (mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle (mLPFA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), angle between the anatomical and mechanical femoral axis (AMA), mechanical medial proximal tibia angle (mMPTA), mechanical lateral distal tibial angle (mLDTA), and the mechanical femoral and tibial axis (mFA\u2013mTA) were measured and deviations related to malrotation calculated. An average internal rotation of 8\u2009degrees was found in lower limbs showing a range between 29\u2009degrees of internal and 22\u2009degrees of external rotation. As a result, mean differences before and after rotational correction for measured parameters (mLPFA, mLDFA, AMA, mMPTA, mLDTA, mFA\u2013mTA) ranged between 0.4 and 1.7\u2009degrees (\u22122.1; 5.6 95% confidence interval [CI]). In conclusion, malrotation of lower limbs is regularly present in long-leg radiographs. As all measured parameters are influenced by malrotation, correct lower limb rotation needs to be verified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T22:35:26Z","timestamp":1564439726000},"page":"108-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Lower Limb Malrotation Is Regularly Present in Long-Leg Radiographs Resulting in Significant Measurement Errors"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Maderbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Matussek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Greimel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Grifka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Schaumburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Baier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Keshmiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1936-5","article-title":"The Chitranjan Ranawat award: is neutral mechanical alignment normal for all patients? The concept of constitutional varus","volume":"470","author":"J Bellemans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31922-2","article-title":"Biomechanics of malalignment","volume":"25","author":"E Y Chao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Principles of Deformity Correction","author":"D Paley","year":"2005"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31927-1","article-title":"Deformity planning for frontal and sagittal plane corrective osteotomies","volume":"25","author":"D Paley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"248","key":"ref5","first-page":"50","article-title":"Effect of rotation on the axial alignment of the femur. 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