{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T21:16:21Z","timestamp":1782767781699,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003This article aims to determine the incidence of short-term complications of surgical patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligations, the factors associated with those complications, and whether complications are associated with poor long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Study Design\u2003Retrospective cohort study of all extremely low birth weight (ELBW,\u2009&lt;\u20091,000\u2009g) infants who underwent surgical PDA ligation at a single-center neonatal intensive care unit from 1989 to 2015. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were reviewed. The primary outcome was development of a short-term (&lt; 2 weeks from ligation) surgical complication. Secondary outcomes include bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), length of stay, and mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 180 ELBW infants were included; median gestational age and birth weight was 24 weeks and 683\u2009g, respectively, and 44% of infants had at least one short-term complication. Need for vasopressors (33%) was the most common medical complication and vocal cord paralysis (9%) was the most common surgical complication. Younger corrected gestational age at time of repair was associated with increased risk for complications. Mortality, length of stay, and BPD rates were similar between infants with and without complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Serious complications were seen in a minority of infants. Additional research is needed to determine if short-term complications are associated with long-term adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:05:20Z","timestamp":1572912320000},"page":"477-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Short-Term Complications Associated with Surgical Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in ELBW Infants: A 25-Year Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea H.","family":"Mallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinayak","family":"Govande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niraj","family":"Vora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muppala","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph B.","family":"Cantey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592063","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"114","author":"D J Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2165\/11632870-000000000-00000","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates","volume":"72","author":"O J 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1000\u2009g","volume":"140","author":"P J McNamara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.109","article-title":"Vocal fold paralysis following surgical ductal closure in extremely low birth weight infants: a case series of feeding and respiratory complications","volume":"28","author":"W F Malcolm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.05.001","article-title":"Sequelae of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after patent ductus arteriosus ligation","volume":"70","author":"K D Pereira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.07.036","article-title":"Vocal cord paralysis post patent ductus arteriosus ligation surgery: risks and co-morbidities","volume":"76","author":"G Rukholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20148","article-title":"Should all newborns who undergo patent ductus arteriosus ligation be examined for vocal fold mobility?","volume":"119","author":"M E Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940911801011","article-title":"Unilateral vocal fold paralysis in premature infants after ligation of patent ductus arteriosus: vascular clip versus suture ligature","volume":"118","author":"W C Spanos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)01152-8","article-title":"Incidence of vocal fold paralysis in infants undergoing ligation of patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"61","author":"R I Zbar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.04.077","article-title":"Video-assisted ductal closure with new modifications: minimally invasive, maximally effective, 1,300 cases","volume":"84","author":"M H Nezafati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.09.002","article-title":"Left main bronchus obstruction after patent ductus arteriosus ligation: an unusual complication","volume":"76","author":"L L Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref39","first-page":"909","article-title":"Short-term outcome of PDA ligation in the preterm infants at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand","volume":"92","author":"V Benjacholmas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1787-4","article-title":"Diaphragmatic paralysis among very low birth weight infants following ligation for patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"171","author":"K H Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951112001795","article-title":"Outcome of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants in the East of England: a prospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"S L Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2004.068","article-title":"Reexpansion pulmonary edema following patent ductus arteriosus ligation in a preterm infant","volume":"32","author":"M C Chiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perinat 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