{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:38:28Z","timestamp":1793659108958,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003The present study aims to understand to what extent obesity is related to adverse maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes in a Portuguese obstetrical population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A retrospective case-control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics of a differentiated perinatal care facility. The study compared 1,183 obese pregnant women with 5,399 normal or underweight pregnant women for the occurrence of gestational diabetes, hypertensive pregnancy disorders, and preterm birth. Mode of delivery, birthweight, and neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were also evaluated. Mean blood glucose values were evaluated and compared between groups, in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Only singleton pregnancies were considered.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The prevalence of obesity was 13.6%. Obese pregnant women were significantly more likely to have cesarean sections (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.0, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), gestational diabetes (aOR 2.14, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), hypertensive pregnancy disorders (aOR 3.43, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and large-for-gestational age or macrosomic infants (aOR 2.13, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and less likely to have small-for-gestational age newborns (aOR 0.51, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.009). No significant differences were found in terms of preterm births, fetal\/neonatal deaths, low birthweight newborns, and neonatal ICU admissions among cases and controls. Maternal obesity was significantly associated with higher mean blood glucose levels, in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Obesity is associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. These risks seem to increase progressively with increasing body mass index (BMI) class. Female obesity should be considered a major public health issue and has consequences on maternal-fetal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T23:36:37Z","timestamp":1576798597000},"page":"682-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Risks of Maternal Obesity in Pregnancy: A Case-control Study in a Portuguese Obstetrical Population"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Filipa","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Cavaco","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Medicine Faculty, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S Innovation in Health and Investigation Institute, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Medicine Faculty, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"47794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults, BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930, Age-Standardized Estimates by WHO Region: Europe: 2016","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults, BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930, Age-Standardized Estimates by Country: Portugal: 2016","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47883","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047883","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in a representative sample of Portuguese adults","volume":"7","author":"L B Sardinha","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.10.002","article-title":"The worldwide epidemic of female obesity","volume":"29","author":"S Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"The Challenge of Obesity in the WHO European Region and the Strategies for Response: Summary","author":"F Branca","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-62","article-title":"Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and excess pregnancy weight gains with adverse pregnancy outcomes and length of hospital stay","volume":"11","author":"A A Mamun","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.10.008","article-title":"Obesity in pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"C C Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001211","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulltein No 156: obesity in pregnancy","volume":"126","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1848","article-title":"International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy","volume":"33","author":"B E Metzger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Classification of hypertensive disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.09.028","article-title":"Development of a birthweight standard and comparison with currently used standards. 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