{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:34:47Z","timestamp":1785281687652,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine malignant cancer. It is an epidermal cancer common in the head and neck.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003Though there is limited number of cases described in the literature for the treatment difficult to obtain. Our purpose was to present the clinical course and treatment of four patients with MCC.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We conducted a retrospective analysis and obtained detailed clinical information for all 4 patients treated for MCC at the ENT Department of the SS Annunziata Hospital in Chieti, Italy, from 2013 through 2015.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003In our study, two patients presented with the tumor in a rare site (lower eyelid). All of the patients underwent surgical treatment: three patients had free excision margins and negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) while 1 patient had free excision margins and positive SLNs. The latter patient underwent ipsilateral neck dissection. In another patient, the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission topography (FDG PET)\/computed tomography (CT) performed 6 months after the surgery has shown high metabolic activity in the left parotid gland, and the patient underwent total parotidectomy and a neck dissection.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a useful technique in small size MCCs of the head and neck. However, the parotid gland should be strictly controlled in patients with lower eyelid tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1709114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T23:53:33Z","timestamp":1587772413000},"page":"e487-e491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evidence and Considerations on Treatment of Small Size Merkel Cell Head and Neck Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-6350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Festa","family":"Kotelnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Hospital \u201cSS Annunziata,\u201d Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8436-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Laus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, General Hospital \u201cS. Giovanni Calibita - Fatebenefratelli\u201d, the Tiber Island, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelchi","family":"Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Hospital \u201cSS Annunziata,\u201d Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.10.022","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: Epidemiology, prognosis, therapy and unmet medical needs","volume":"71","author":"D Schadendorf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.02.029","article-title":"Rare neuroendocrine tumours: results of the surveillance of rare cancers in Europe project","volume":"49","author":"J M van der Zwan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481508100819","article-title":"Dramatic increase in the incidence and mortality from Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States","volume":"81","author":"T L Fitzgerald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.124","article-title":"Incidence and survival for Merkel cell carcinoma in Queensland, Australia, 1993-2010","volume":"150","author":"D R Youlden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17077","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.77","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"J C Becker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"S 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O Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(90)90087-C","article-title":"The Merkel cell and associated neoplasms in the eyelids and periocular region","volume":"35","author":"T Kivel\u00e4","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.031","article-title":"Relationships among primary tumor size, number of involved nodes, and survival for 8044 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"J G Iyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.4136","article-title":"Features predicting sentinel lymph node positivity in Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"J L Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin 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Oncol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12263","article-title":"Radiotherapy alone in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: the Westmead Hospital experience of 41 patients","volume":"56","author":"M Veness","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2016.10.003","article-title":"Postoperative radiation therapy is associated with a reduced risk of local recurrence among low risk Merkel cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"1","author":"S R Takagishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"}],"container-title":["International Archives of 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