{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:43:06Z","timestamp":1769082186154,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Angiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper describes the effects of flaxseed and its components (flax oil, secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside[SDG], flax lignan complex [FLC], and flax fibers] on serum lipids (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides [TG]) in animals and humans. Ordinary flaxseed reduces TG, TC, LDL-C, and TC\/HDL-C levels in a dose-dependent manner in animals. In humans, it reduces serum lipids in hypercholesterolemicpatients but has no effects in normocholesterolemicpatients. Flax oil has variable effects on serum lipids in normo- and hypercholesterolemic animals. Flax oil treatment, with a dosage containing greater than 25\u2009g\/day of \u03b1-linolenic acid, reduces serum lipids in humans. Although FLC reduces serum lipids and raises serum HDL-C in animals, its effects on serum lipids in humans are small and variable. Flax fibers exert small effects on serum lipids in humans. Crop Development Centre (CDC)-flaxseed, which contains low concentrations of \u03b1-linolenic acid, has significant lipid lowering effects in animals. Pure SDG has potent hypolipidemic effects and raises HDL-C. In conclusion, flaxseed and pure SDG have significant lipid-lowering effects in animals and humans, while other components of flaxseed have small and variable effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1709129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T23:07:37Z","timestamp":1586905657000},"page":"216-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Flaxseed and Its Components in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kailash","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community, Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)06110-8","article-title":"Dietary flax seed in prevention of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis","volume":"132","author":"K Prasad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/107424840300800308","article-title":"Effects of flaxseed oil on serum lipids and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits","volume":"8","author":"P Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.012","article-title":"Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of flax lignan complex isolated from flaxseed","volume":"179","author":"K Prasad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.10.1355","article-title":"Reduction of serum cholesterol and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits by secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside isolated from flaxseed","volume":"99","author":"K Prasad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248407307853","article-title":"A study on regression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits by flax lignan complex","volume":"12","author":"K Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.07.043","article-title":"Regression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits by secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside isolated from flaxseed","volume":"197","author":"K Prasad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248408330541","article-title":"Flax lignan complex slows down the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits","volume":"14","author":"K Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-015-0150-3","article-title":"Defining the Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia","volume":"16","author":"T F Whayne Jr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","first-page":"3371","article-title":"Choosing drug therapy for patients with hyperlipidemia","volume":"61","author":"R S Safeer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-6-200009190-00009","article-title":"Garlic for treating hypercholesterolemia. 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