{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T08:18:20Z","timestamp":1769501900972,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of unknown etiology, clinically characterized by whitish macules caused by selective loss of melanocytes. There are many melanocytes in the human cochlea. Recent studies have suggested a direct relation between cochlear dysfunction and decreased amounts of melanin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To determine the effect of vitiligo on auditory function.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003The present prospective, case control study was performed over a period of 1 year in patients between 15 and 40 years old with nonsegmental disease and the same number of controls. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and Otoacoustic emission (OAE) were performed to analyze the correlation between vitiligo and auditory function.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean pure tone audiometric threshold in the right ear at 0.5, 8\u2009kHz, and in the left ear at the frequency of 8\u2009kHz in the case group were significantly higher as compared with controls. The average band reproducibility (%) in the right and left ear of controls was significantly higher at the frequency of 4\u2009kHz as compared with cases. It has been observed that signal to noise ratio was statistically higher at the frequency of 5kHz in the right ear and at 2, 3, and 5kHz in the left ear in controls as compared with cases. On the basis of disease type and duration of disease; mean pure tone audiometric threshold, average band reproducibility and signal to noise ratio, no significant effect was observed in the present study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Vitiligo has an effect on cochlear function irrespective of the duration or distribution of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1709197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T23:23:07Z","timestamp":1592954587000},"page":"e200-e204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Vitiligo on Auditory Functions: Is There Any Association?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vishal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5606-4095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trilok C.","family":"Guleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh K.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narender K.","family":"Mohindroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devraj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(71)90232-4","article-title":"On the etiology of vitiligo and gray hair","volume":"51","author":"A B Lerner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640010049006","article-title":"Prevalence of vitiligo. Epidemiological survey on the Isle of Bornholm, Denmark","volume":"113","author":"J Howitz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03099.x","article-title":"Serum anti-tumour antibodies and auto-antibodies in vitiligo","volume":"92","author":"H Woolfson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"51","article-title":"An electron microscope study of Basal Melanocytes and High-Level Clear Cells (Langerhans Cells) in Vitiligo","volume":"37","author":"M S Birbeck","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08881.x","article-title":"Guideline for the diagnosis and management of vitiligo","volume":"159","author":"D J Gawkrodger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","first-page":"473","article-title":"Vitiligo: a comprehensive overview Part I. Introduction, epidemiology, quality of life, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, associations, histopathology, etiology, and work-up","volume":"65","author":"A Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946507400303","article-title":"The blood vessels and pigmentary cells of the inner ear","volume":"74","author":"C Savin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70196-0","article-title":"Audiologic abnormalities in cases of vitiligo","volume":"17","author":"A Tosti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Auditory function in vitiligo patients","volume":"2","author":"M ES Shalaby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Egypt Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680070142026","article-title":"No evidence of hearing loss in patients with vitiligo","volume":"127","author":"C Escalante-Ugalde","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","first-page":"111","article-title":"A study on otoacoustic emissions and supression effects in patients with vitiligo","volume":"75","author":"R M Angrisani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"66","key":"ref12","first-page":"35","article-title":"Audiological manifestations in vitiligo patients","volume":"24","author":"P Mahdi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","first-page":"162","article-title":"Hypoacusis in vitiligo","volume":"70","author":"L Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"91","article-title":"Evaluation of brain stem evoked response in vitiligo patients","volume":"19","author":"M A Elsaied","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pan-Arab League Dermatol."}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1709197.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T22:36:17Z","timestamp":1620167777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1709197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1709197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]}}}