{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:36:21Z","timestamp":1790386581812,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Introduction\u2003Congenital microgastria is an extremely rare birth defect. The aim of this study was to present an overview of existing literature on the treatment of microgastria.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Materials and Methods\u2003The term \u201cmicrogastria\u201d was used in a PubMed and Medline search. Since merely case reports were found, only a narrative synthesis with limited statistical analysis can be given. Data of different treatment modalities were collected and divided into two groups: conservative or less invasive treatment (C\/LT, i.e., modified diet or a gastrostomy\/jejunostomy) and extensive gastric surgery (EGS, i.e., Hunt\u2013Lawrence pouch or total esophageal gastric dissociation). Clinical outcome parameters (nutrition, growth pattern, and mortality) were compared.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003Out of 73 articles published from 1973 to 2019, 38 articles describing 51 cases were included. In four patients, microgastria was an isolated anomaly (8%). Type of treatment was described in only 46 patients, 19 were treated by C\/LT. Mortality was 9\/19 (47%) in the C\/LT group versus 4\/27 (15%) in the EGS group (chi-square\u2009=\u20095.829, p\u2009=\u20090.016, Fisher\u2009=\u20090.022). There was a negative correlation between the invasiveness of the treatment and both mortality (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.356, p\u2009=\u20090.015) and comorbidity (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.506, p &lt;0.001). Patients in the C\/LT group had significantly more comorbidity than in the EGS group (mean\u2009=\u20094.32 vs. 2.26, p\u2009=\u20090.001). There was a positive correlation between comorbidity and mortality (r\u2009=\u20090.400, p\u2009=\u20090.006). Median follow-up was 42 months (range: 1\u2013240). Type and way of nutrition were poorly described. In at least 9 of the 33 surviving patients, oral feeding was reported as normal, of whom 8 belonged to the EGS group. In all patients, growth could be acknowledged, but in comparison to peers, final body length was less. There was no difference in final body length between the two treatment groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003In patients with congenital microgastria, only minimal differences in clinical outcome in terms of type of nutrition and body growth were found when C\/LT was compared with treatment by EGS. Mortality was significantly higher in the first group as well as the amount of comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T22:55:24Z","timestamp":1589842524000},"page":"129-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Treatment of Congenital Microgastria"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa I. A.","family":"Ruczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research on Learning and Education, Radboudumc Health Academy-Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne M. B. I.","family":"Botden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst E.","family":"Daniels-Scharbatke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Schurink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"de Blaauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.07.054","article-title":"An eighteen year follow-up after surgery for congenital microgastria--case report and review of literature","volume":"42","author":"V S Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.51.6.1037","article-title":"Congenital microgastria, a case report with a 26-year follow-up","volume":"51","author":"E Blank","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","first-page":"207","article-title":"Congenital microgastria. A follow-up observation over six years","volume":"2","author":"O Hochberger","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80298-3","article-title":"Management of congenital microgastria with a jejunal reservoir pouch","volume":"15","author":"J P Neifeld","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(83)80017-7","article-title":"Treatment of congenital microgastria and dumping syndrome","volume":"18","author":"K D Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02390110","article-title":"A case of microgastria in association with splenic-gonadal fusion","volume":"13","author":"G A Mandell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198703000-00026","article-title":"Congenital agastria","volume":"6","author":"S F Dorney","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(90)90401-T","article-title":"Management of congenital microgastria","volume":"25","author":"A L Velasco","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00019605-199201000-00007","article-title":"Microgastria-hypoplastic upper limb association: a severe expression including microphthalmia, single nostril and arhinencephaly","volume":"1","author":"P Meinecke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.6.1192","article-title":"Congenital microgastria and limb reduction defects","volume":"91","author":"C Cunniff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(93)90325-F","article-title":"Congenital microgastria in an infant with the VACTERL association","volume":"28","author":"S Hasegawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1994.13.11.894","article-title":"Congenital microgastria: absence of the fetal stomach and normal third trimester amniotic fluid volume","volume":"13","author":"L M Hill","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90228-3","article-title":"Congenital microgastria","volume":"29","author":"J C Hoehner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90229-1","article-title":"Congenital microgastria in a premature infant","volume":"29","author":"S L Moulton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00019605-199504000-00007","article-title":"\u2018Microgastria--limb reduction\u2019 complex with congenital heart disease and twinning","volume":"4","author":"I W Lurie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90853-2","article-title":"Microgastria as an isolated anomaly","volume":"31","author":"C T Ramos","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050549","article-title":"Congenital microgastria, growth hormone deficiency and diabetes insipidus","volume":"156","author":"P Hern\u00e1iz Driever","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199711000-00021","article-title":"Splenogonadal fusion with limb deficiency and micrognathia","volume":"90","author":"P J Moore","year":"1997","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","first-page":"157","article-title":"Congenital microgastria","volume":"34","author":"Y K Sarin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830050353","article-title":"Congenital microgastria: a case report and review of literature","volume":"13","author":"E J Kroes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","first-page":"253","article-title":"Recurrence of the severe form of microgastria-limb reduction defect in a consanguineous family","volume":"8","author":"L I al-Gazali","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199903000-00028","article-title":"Congenital microgastria: treatment with transient jejunal feedings","volume":"28","author":"K F Murray","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00019605-200009040-00019","article-title":"Congenital microgastria with Pierre Robin sequence and partial trismus","volume":"9","author":"I Giurgea","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00019605-200207000-00007","article-title":"Microgastria-limb reduction anomaly with total amelia","volume":"11","author":"C Stewart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211022","article-title":"Imaging casebook. Asplenia syndrome with congenital microgastria and malrotation","volume":"24","author":"T E Herman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.09.041","article-title":"Management and long-term follow-up of patients with types III and IV laryngotracheoesophageal clefts","volume":"40","author":"A L Kawaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-004-1338-9","article-title":"Congenital microgastria with esophageal stenosis and diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"21","author":"S C Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924731","article-title":"\u201cTotal Gastric Dissociation (TGD)\u201d in difficult clinical situations","volume":"16","author":"A Lall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038503","article-title":"Congenital microgastria and primary ciliary dyskinesia in a newborn with DiGeorge syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion","volume":"18","author":"L Filippi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/MCD.0b013e3282f0a2be","article-title":"Congenital microgastria in association with Pierre-Robin sequence","volume":"17","author":"D E Laurie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.02.070","article-title":"Bilateral communicating intralobar sequestration and microgastria","volume":"88","author":"S Nagendran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.07.001","article-title":"Use of the Hunt-Lawrence pouch in congenital microgastria--a report of 2 cases","volume":"45","author":"B J Dicken","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.02.048","article-title":"Gastric dissociation for the treatment of congenital microgastria with paraesophageal hiatal hernia","volume":"46","author":"S M Kunisaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-010-0185-2","article-title":"Congenital microgastria with limb defect combined with megaduodenum: case report and review of literature","volume":"73","author":"P Vasas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36273","article-title":"A case of Robin sequence, microgastria, radiohumeral synostosis, femoral deficiency, and other unusual findings: a newly recognized syndrome?","volume":"164A","author":"J Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1571176","article-title":"Total esophageal gastric dissociation for the failed antireflux procedure in a child with microgastria","volume":"4","author":"K Hattori","year":"2016","journal-title":"European J Pediatr Surg Rep"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(03)00518-9","article-title":"Gastric augmentation in isolated congenital microgastria","volume":"38","author":"P Menon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601305","article-title":"Severe dumping syndrome in a 6-year-old girl with congenital microgastria treated by Hunt-Lawrence pouch","volume":"5","author":"C Filisetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"European J Pediatr Surg Rep"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatric Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1710027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T04:10:41Z","timestamp":1666584641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1710027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1710027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-7248","1439-359X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-7248","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-359X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]}}}