{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:31:38Z","timestamp":1772235098384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knee Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of total knee arthroplasties performed in India and the world is increasing exponentially. The valgus cut angle (VCA) of the distal femur decides the final alignment achieved in the coronal plane. Little data are available regarding the ideal value for an Indian population and there is little consensus whether to use a single value for all knees or to individualize the angle for each patient. The parameters that can influence the value of this angle have not been evaluated thoroughly.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Standard long leg X-ray (orthoscanogram) was used to calculate the VCA in 302 lower limbs (160 patients). Only Indian patients were included in the study; knees with bowed femurs were excluded. VCA, femoral length, medial hip offset, neck shaft angle, and hip knee ankle angle were measured manually. Demographic data such as gender, height, and weight were extracted from hospital charts. The correlation of VCA with the various parameters was evaluated using Pearson's correlation and its significance assessed using the independent Student's \u2018t\u2019 test.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The average VCA was 7.4\u2009degrees (range: 4\u201311\u2009degrees). Age, gender, height, hip knee ankle angle (alignment) and body mass index (BMI) had no influence on the VCA. The neck shaft angle (r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.520, p\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and hip medial offset (r\u2009=\u20090.223, p\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) were the only two parameters significantly and independently influencing the value of VCA. There is a wide variation in the value of VCA in the Indian population. Choosing a fixed VCA will lead to significant number of knees aligned outside the ideal 0- to 3-degree hip knee ankle angle. The neck shaft angle and the medial hip offset are the only two factors that influence the VCA. The patients' height, preoperative deformity, gender, and BMI had no influence on the VCA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T23:22:05Z","timestamp":1589930525000},"page":"1592-1598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Factors Influencing the Valgus Cut Angle\u2014during Total Knee Arthroplasty\u2014in Indian Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Sanjiv","family":"Marya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Institute, Medanta\u2014The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Institute, Medanta\u2014The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shitij","family":"Kacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Institute, Medanta\u2014The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarthy","family":"Velayutham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Institute, Medanta\u2014The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Institute, Medanta\u2014The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.04.018","article-title":"Mechanical axis cannot be restored in total knee arthroplasty with a fixed valgus resection angle: a radiographic study","volume":"22","author":"N Bardakos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.09.024","article-title":"Standard radiographs are not sufficient for assessing knee mechanical axis in patients with advanced osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"C D Stickley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769050-00016","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of the axial alignment of the lower extremity","volume":"69","author":"J R Moreland","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2008.05.025","article-title":"A comparison of coronal plane axial femoral relationships in Asian patients with varus osteoarthritic knees and healthy knees","volume":"24","author":"A B Mullaji","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jajs.2015.11.010","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of the axial alignment of the lower extremity in Indian adult males","volume":"2","author":"L Maini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthrosc Jt Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2743-5","article-title":"Does varus alignment adversely affect implant survival and function six years after kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty?","volume":"39","author":"S M Howell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2001.23569","article-title":"The effect of surgeon experience on component positioning in 673 Press Fit Condylar posterior cruciate-sacrificing total knee arthroplasties","volume":"16","author":"J Mahaluxmivala","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"299","key":"ref8","first-page":"153","article-title":"Postoperative alignment of total knee replacement. 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