{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:28:00Z","timestamp":1780349280534,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a narrow space situated posterior to the maxillary sinus. While external approaches have been used to treat tumors of the PPF, recent endoscopic approaches have become favored as an alternative; we developed an endoscopic tri-port approach, which provides wide surgical corridor with minimal invasion, for PPF. This report aims to introduce and verify the new approach.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Design\u2003Case series.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Setting\u2003A tertiary referral hospital.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Participants\u2003We reviewed 11 patients with PPF or orbital tumors who were treated with the endoscopic tri-port approach.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Main Outcome Measures\u2003Accessing tri-port approach's effects and limitations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003When the tumor was located in the PPF or orbit without intracranial invasion, en bloc resection was achieved in six patients. With the exception of one patient, the nasal septum was preserved if not used for skull base reconstruction. If not invaded by a tumor or necessary for reconstruction, the inferior and middle turbinates were preserved.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The endoscopic tri-port approach provides an excellent surgical view and wide corridor and not requires an external approach, including a gingival incision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T23:21:07Z","timestamp":1592608867000},"page":"437-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Advanced Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Pterygopalatine Fossa and Orbit: The Endoscopic Tri-port Approach"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Omura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudo","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyoshi","family":"Otori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000044562.73763.00","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa: anatomic study","volume":"52","author":"A Alfieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.4.441","article-title":"Endoscopic transnasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa","volume":"129","author":"J M DelGaudio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck 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Leong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2402-z","article-title":"Combined endonasal and sublabial endoscopic transmaxillary approach to the pterygopalatine fossa and orbital apex","volume":"157","author":"M Alimohamadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx192","article-title":"The nasal ligaments and tip support in rhinoplasty: an anatomical study","volume":"38","author":"R K Daniel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull 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