{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T07:48:20Z","timestamp":1771746500426,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background\u2003Leishmaniasis is one of several neglected tropical diseases that warrant serious attention. A disease of socio-economically poor people, it demands safer and cheaper drugs that help to overcome the limitations faced by the existing anti-leishmanials. Complementary or traditional medicines might be a good option, with an added advantage that resistance may not develop against these drugs. Thus, the present investigation was performed to evaluate the anti-leishmanial efficacy of an ultra-diluted homeopathic medicine (Iodium 30c) in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods\u2003Compliant with strict ethical standards in animal experimentation, the study was performed in-vivo in inbred BALB\/c mice which were injected intravenously with 1\u2009\u00d7\u2009107 promastigotes of Leishmania donovani before (therapeutic) or after (prophylactic) treatment with Iodium 30c for 30 days. In other groups of mice (n\u2009=\u20096 per group), amphotericin B served as positive control, infected animals as the disease control, while the na\u00efve controls included normal animals; animals receiving only Iodium 30c or Alcohol 30c served as sham controls. The anti-leishmanial efficacy was assessed by determining the hepatic parasite load and analysing percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Biochemical analysis and histological studies were performed to check any toxicities.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003Iodium-treated animals showed a significantly reduced parasite load (to 1503\u2009\u00b1\u200939 Leishman Donovan Units, LDU) as compared with the infected controls (4489\u2009\u00b1\u2009256 LDU) (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05): thus, the mean therapeutic efficacy of Iodium 30c was 66.5%. In addition, the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly increased (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) after treatment. No toxicity was observed, as evidenced from biochemical and histopathological studies of the liver and kidneys. Efficacy of Iodium 30c prophylaxis was 58.3%, while the therapeutic efficacy of amphotericin B was 85.9%.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003This original study has shown that Iodium 30c had significant impact in controlling parasite replication in experimental VL, though the effect was less than that using standard pharmaceutical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T23:19:08Z","timestamp":1598051948000},"page":"213-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Effect of Iodium 30c on Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chetna","family":"Bandral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Manchanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debadatta","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukhbir","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.09.006","article-title":"Challenges in drug discovery targeting TriTryp diseases with an emphasis on leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"L M Alc\u00e2ntara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1532790","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis elimination targets in India, strategies for preventing resurgence","volume":"16","author":"S Sundar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chemotherapy used in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"M EM Contreras","year":"2019","journal-title":"CPQ 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